The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of different stocking densities of Mugil cephalus and Mugil capito with initial weight of 18.0±2.0g and 15.0±2.0g, respectively in polyculture system, at two different total stocking densities (14000 and12000) and monoculture system [1000 of tilapia fish (10.0±2.0g)] on growth performance, survival rate, total production of pond and carcass composition. Nine fertilized earthen ponds (5 Fed /pond, with 1.6 m water depth) and 25% crude protein as diet were used. Fish were fed twice daily (early morning and made afternoon) at a rate of 4% of body weight per day. The physico- chemical parameters of water in ponds were recorded and water exchange occurred daily at 10:15% of water size. Different growth measurements were recorded every 15-day intervals during the experimental period (150 days). The results showed that the growth performance was significantly (P?0.05) decreased with increasing of stocking density. Survival rate was inversely related to stocking densities; with a significant difference among the treatments. The feed conversion ratio “FCR” increased with increasing stocking density. Increasing stocking density resulted in decreasing carcass protein, while carcass fat, ash and dry matter contents decreased significantly. Also, the results show that the best economic evaluation was for treatment 2. Results showed that the best stocking density was 12000 fish / Fed (10000 Nile tilapia, 1000Mugil cephalus and 1000 Mugil capito) which was more suitable for optimum growth performance, survival rate and production, which can be recommended for carrying out under the similar experimental conditions.
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 18/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 18/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 5
Kamilia Tawfik
Mostafa Mesbah
Sherief Khalifa
Diaa Youssef
El-Temsah Lake, Marine-derived fungi, antibacterial, antifungal, PCR.
Fungi associated with the marine sponge Gellius bubastens from El-Temsah Lake were isolated. All isolated sponge-derived fungi were screened for the presence of biologically active secondary metabolites in their cultures. Fungi that organic extracts of their cultures showed bioactivities were identified. The lipid content of hexane extracts of saline cultures of three fungal isolates was analyzed with GC/MS and led to identification of compounds with reported diverse bioactivities. Identification of marine fungi was based on DNA sequencing combined with searchable databases. The diversity of the microbial communities associated with G. bubastens collected from El-Temsah Lake may attract chemists to explore such area as a source of new, diverse and interesting secondary metabolites due to symbiosis. This work represents the first report of a study of the secondary metabolites diversity of marine-derived fungi isolated from its sponge host collected from El-Temsah Lake.
The most successful packaging techniques for frozen ram spermatozoa are pellets using dry ice and straws but there are economical and commercial pressures to use other methods of packaging techniques in developing countries. Semen was collected of the experiment using an artificial vagina. Ejaculates, from three different rams, containing greater than 70% progressive motility were pooled together and considered to be one sperm sample. Forty eight ewes were used in this study to test the fertilizing ability of ram spermatozoa. The thawed semen was assessed for total motility (TM), and morphology of spermatozoa characteristics (MSC). TM and MSC were assessed after thawing and 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of incubation at 37°C. The morphology of spermatozoa (dead sperm, abnormal tails and damaged head) was assessed by staining frozen-thawed spermatozoa with eosin-nigrosin dye. Fourteen sperm samples were extended, frozen, thawed and analyzed. Semen was diluted with Tris yolk fructose (TYF) diluent at rate of 1:8. Packaging techniques for frozen ram spermatozoa were compared to straws. Four packaging methods were compared to cryopreserve ram spermatozoa: straws, aluminum sacks, cachet strip tablets pellet and paraffin wax pellet. Ram spermatozoa frozen in straws and aluminum sacks exhibited higher post-thaw motility than spermatozoa cryopreserved in pellet form using either cachet strip tablets or paraffin wax. After incubation at 37oC, overall means showed that there was a progressive decline in the percentage motility over time. The post-thawing incubation had a significant (P < 0.05) negative effect on sperm motility as well as the percentages of morphological characteristics. After 6 h of incubation, straws and aluminum sacks methods maintained a better post-thaw motility and morphological characteristics than other methods of cryopreservation. The conception rates obtained were 59.17, 58.34, 50.00 and 42.27 from the four cryopreserving packaging techniques straws, sacks, tablets pellet and paraffin wax pellet respectively. In conclusion, ram spermatozoa survive cryopreservation more effectively in straws, or aluminum sacks. This technique of aluminum sacks packaging is simple, requires little equipment, is less expensive than using straws and may prove useful for cryopreserving ram spermatozoa in developing countries.
Blotter method was more accurate than PDA method for detect seed-borne fungi on watermelon, melon and squash seeds respectively. Seed-borne fungi were dominant in seed testa followed by cotyledons. Seed transmission by water agar method, clearly indicated transmission of Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolin, Rhizoctonia solani from watermelon, melon and squash seeds to seedlings. Typical symptoms of the diseases were appeared on plants like vascular wilt, charcoal rot, stunted growth, brown spots and root rot on hypocotyls and cotyledons. F. solani was transmitted through roots, stems and shoots in watermelon and melon but through stems only in squash, while M. phaseolina and R. solani were transmitted through roots, stems and shoots in watermelon, melon and squash
Blotter method was more accurate than PDA method for detect seed-borne fungi on watermelon, melon and squash seeds respectively. Seed-borne fungi were dominant in seed testa followed by cotyledons. Seed transmission by water agar method, clearly indicated transmission of Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolin, Rhizoctonia solani from watermelon, melon and squash seeds to seedlings. Typical symptoms of the diseases were appeared on plants like vascular wilt, charcoal rot, stunted growth, brown spots and root rot on hypocotyls and cotyledons. F. solani was transmitted through roots, stems and shoots in watermelon and melon but through stems only in squash, while M. phaseolina and R. solani were transmitted through roots, stems and shoots in watermelon, melon and squash
Survey of Seed-borne Fungi on Some Cucurbit Seeds in Egypt and Their Control /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 18/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 18/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث
A. M. Baraka
I. N. Ali
W. I. Shaban
M. I. Mohamed
cucurbit seeds fungi, seed-borne fungi, control.
Seed-borne fungi attack seeds causing decreasing the nutritive value, changing the color, increasing the peroxide value and reduction the seed germination. Seeds of watermelon, melon, squash, bottel gourd, luff and snakcucumber were collected from Beheira, Giza and Ismailia governorates in Egypt during the seasons of 2005 and 2006 for determination seed-borne fungi. Alternaria alternate, A. solani, Aspergillus flavus, Asp. niger, Botrytis sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma sp. and Verticillium sp. were dominant in the tested seed samples. Rizolex-T and Vitavax-200 controlled pre- and post-emergence damping off caused by F. solani, M. phaseolina and R. solani in vitro and in vivo. Trichoderma harzianum followed by T. viride and T. hamatum checked pre- and post-emergency damping off caused by tested fungi in vitro and in vivo
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 18/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 18/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 4
M. A Baraka
I. N. Ali
M. I. Khalil
W. I. Shaban
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, white rot, Integrated Control, Cultivar reaction, urea
White rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is considered one of the most serious diseases affecting bean crop in Egypt. Cultivars reaction and the effect of urea on the carpogenic germination of the sclerotia and the incidence of white rot caused by S. sclerotiorum were investigated. Results indicated that bean cultivars varied significantly in their susceptibility to white rot disease. Boston, Bravo, Paulista and Balsas cultivars were highly susceptible to the disease under greenhouse and field conditions, while Klaron cultivar was the lowest susceptible. On the other hand, all concentrations of Urea amended in the soil significantly decreased the percentage of carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum and the concentration (100kg/h.) was the most effective against the white rot of the two bean cultivars (Paulista and Klaron). Cultivation of the least susceptible cultivar (Klaron) in soil treated with urea (100 kg/ha.) showed successful control integration for bean white rot.
Comparison of Different Methods for Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates Causing Bean White Rot /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 6
M. A Baraka
I. N. Ali
M. I. Kalil
A. Kofoet
R. Grosch
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, White Rot, Methods of inoculation, Pathogenicity test, Culture filtrates
White rot disease is important disease which attack bean causing great losses in quality and reduced the total quantities yield. Some factors which affecting the disease incidence were investigated as well as different methods of pathogenicity as well as effect of culture filtrates of the different isolates on the germination of bean seeds. athogenicity test of S. sclerotiorum using stem inoculation technique on cv. Paulista showed that all tested isolates of S. sclerotiorum differed in their virulent. There are a correlation between the length of the lesions on the stem and their pathogenicity. On the other hand, the best method for soil infestation was adding the sclerotia to soil, followed by the soil applying with mycelium on wheat kernels. While the lowest method for soil infestation was the soil infested with the mycelium. The symptoms need 24 hours to appear on the leaves. At the same time, there are a positive correlation between the time of inoculation and the lesions length. A positive correlation between the time of inoculation and the pods rot (cm). On the other hand, all isolates produced different numbers of the sclerotia on the pods after 10 days from the inoculation except isolates ScE2 and ScE8 did not produce sclerotia on the pods. All culture filtrates of the different isolates significantly reduced the percentage of bean seeds germination and length of radical roots compared with the untreated seeds
The Seasonal Activity of Oriental Hornet Vespa orientalis L. Attacking Honeybee Colonies in North Sinai Governorate. /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 5
M. N. El-Bassioni
S. A. Ahmed
H. T. Abou El-Enain
A. G. Al-Tahawi
The oriental hornet Vespa orientalis, abundance, population density.
The present work was concerned with studying seasonal abundance of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis in North Sinai Governorate especially in Al-Arish and Rafah districts. The oriental hornet Vespa orientalis was not found in January, February and March and it started to appear in April in the two locations. Activity of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis reached its peak during (October 2006 and September 2007) in Al-Arish district and during (November 2006 and October 2007) in Rafah districts.
The Seasonal Activity of Oriental Hornet Vespa orientalis L. Attacking Honeybee Colonies in North Sinai Governorate. /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 5
M. N. El-Bassioni
S. A. Ahmed
H. T. Abou El-Enain
A. G. Al-Tahawi
The oriental hornet Vespa orientalis, abundance, population density.
The present work was concerned with studying seasonal abundance of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis in North Sinai Governorate especially in Al-Arish and Rafah districts. The oriental hornet Vespa orientalis was not found in January, February and March and it started to appear in April in the two locations. Activity of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis reached its peak during (October 2006 and September 2007) in Al-Arish district and during (November 2006 and October 2007) in Rafah districts.
Field and laboratory studies were carried out to assess the effect of two neem formulations; Nimbecidine® (Azadirachtin 0.03%) and Achook® (Azadirachtin 0.15%) on the phytophagous mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Laboratory experiments showed both Achook and Nembecidine to have significant (P <0.05) toxic effect, 24, 48 and 72 h after administration. Achook was more effective than Nembecidine, for all mites movable stages. On the other hand, Achook has significantly decreased eggs in comparison to Nembecidine (37.5%). In the field experiments, Achook gave the highest reduction of mite infestation (66.1, 60.9 and 58.2 %), while Nembecidine infestation reduction rates were (65.9, 56.4 and 49.4 %) for egg, immature and adult stages respectively, 28 days after filed treatment. Both field and laboratory experiments indicated that the neem formulation had a significant toxic effect on T. urticae. Since neem extracts are regarded as environmentally friendly chemicals for pest management, the use of these formulations is quite congenial with the current strategy of reducing the use of synthetic chemicals.
[9000496.] رقم البحث : 9000496 -
Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) and the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
Three different concentrations (A,B&C) of some heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, & Pb) were evaluated by contact using treated and sterile sand against 4th instar larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn) under laboratory conditions. Larval mortality, pupation percentage, pupal weight, percentage of emerged adults from formed pupae and malformation percentage of emerged adults were calculated. Results obtained that, larval mortality was ranged between 28% at high tested concentration of Ni and 4% at lowest tested concentration of Cu and Zn, also at control. Pupation percentage was 96% at treatment with concentrations A, B of Pb and Concentration C of Zn and Cu also at control. Treatment with Ni recorded 100% and 72% pupation at concentrations C and A, respectively. Pupal weight was ranged between 0.31 and 0.37gm at treatments while it was 0.41gm at control. Effect on adult emergence was very clear especially at Zn and Pb treatments which obtained no emergence while the slight effect was observed at Ni and Mo treatments (70% adult emergence). Malformation percentage of emerged adults reached 50% at concentrations C, B of Zn decreased to 10% at three tested concentrations of Copper. Toxicity heavy metals to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae was also studied and results obtained that, maximum nematodes (IJs) mortality was 71.1% at concentration A of Ni and the minimum was 23.1% at treatment with concentration C of Mo, while it was 2.9% at control. Virulence of treated juveniles for 48h to 4th instar A. ipsilon was clearly affected, it was ranged between 19.4% and 74.2% at concentration A of Zn and concentration C of Mo, respectively, while control recorded 94.4% successful pathogencity.
Computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA) have become the standard tool for evaluating sperm motility because they provide objective results for thousands of mammalian spermatozoa. Mammalian spermatozoa experience osmotic stress when the glycerol is added to the cells prior to freezing and removal from the cells after thawing. In order to minimize osmotic damage, cryoprotectants having lower molecular weights and greater membrane permeability than glycerol, were evaluated to determine their effectiveness for cryopreserving bull spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to compare the cryopreservation effects of low molecular weight cryoprotectants (Ethylene glycol and Methanol) to glycerol, on post-thaw CASA sperm parameters. Bull semen was diluted with tris-egg yolk extender containing 3% glycerol, 3, 2 & 1% ethylene glycol or 3, 2 & 1% methanol. Bull semen was frozen in 0.25 pellets using the cold surface of cattle fat. Bull spermatozoa exhibited higher percentages (P < 0.01) for total (Mot, 72.4%) and progressively (Prog, 29.5%) motilities when frozen in extender containing 3% glycerol compared to 3, 2 & 1% ethylene glycol or 3, 2 & 1 % methanol. In conclusion, no advantages were found in using ethylene glycol or methanol to replace glycerol in bull semen freezing. Glycerol provided the best sperm characteristics for bull spermatozoa after freezing and thawing. The possibility of using ethylene glycol or methanol as permeating cryoprotectants for bull semen deserves further investigation, and these cryoprotectants should also be evaluated in extenders that do contain disaccharides or cholesterol
Eight microsatellite markers were used to investigate genetic variations among and within three Egyptian Goat breeds, Baladi, Zaraibi, and Sinawi. The Eight tested microsatellites were: (SR-CRSP5, OarFCB20, INRA063, SR-CRSP8, ILSTS87, INRA023, McM527 and ILSTS19). All markers tested were found to be polymorphic. The total observed numbers of alleles (bands) in the three breeds were 19, 16, 14, 18, 21, 17, 17 and 18 for the eight markers respectively, and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.873, 0.902, 0.878, 0.902, 0.876, 0.861, 0.885 and 0.881, respectively. The three breeds showed significant deviation from Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic distance test showed that the Baladi and Zaraibi individuals had considerable mixture together while Sinawi forms a discrete group. The average gene diversity was 0.907 for all studied breeds.
Effect of Plant Density, Nitrogen Fertilization and Foliar Spraying with Iron and Zinc on Peanut in Newly Cultivated Sandy Soils /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 8
E.A. Ali
S.I. Hafiz
M. A. Kotb
M.G. Abbas
Peanut, N-fertilizer, Microelements, hill spacing and Seed Quality
In the present study, attempts were made to identify the potential of micronutrients, nitrogen fertilizer and planting distance for promoting and improving peanut growth and productivity. Two Field experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University at Ismailia on peanut Ismailia 1 variety to achieve this target under sprinkler irrigation system. Every experiment included 36 treatments which were the combinations of three nitrogen fertilizer levels, four foliar spraying with micronutrients and three distances between hills. The split-split plots design with four replications was made in use, where nitrogen fertilizer levels were allocated randomly in the main plots, while treatments of foliar spraying with micronutrients were arranged randomly in the sub plots and distances between hills were distributed randomly in the sub-sub plots. Results of the present study indicated that treatment with microelements and nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly the leaf area index and straw, pods, seeds and oil yields/fad. Decreasing plant spaces between hills from 12.5 cm to 7.5 cm also increased the previous traits significantly while, seed oil percentage was decreased. All the interactions among the three studied factors did not affect significantly on yield characters except, the interaction between N-levels and hill spacing on and seed yield/fad. Close spacing of 7.5 cm with the maximum level of in (70 Kg N/fad) gave significantly higher seed yield/fad (1740.96Kg/fad). While, the lowest seed yield/fad (639.11Kg/fad) was obtained from the minimum level of N (30Kg N/fad) with wide spacing of 12.5 cm.
Inheritance of Yield and Some Physiological Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Wheat Crosses (Triticum aestivum l.) /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 6
G.A. Morshed.
E. A. El-Ghareib
M. A. M. Eid
M. Y. El-Masry
Genetic parameters, water stress, diallel and wheat hybrids
In a study to determine the nature of gene action for yield and some physiological traits in wheat. Six diverse parents were used in a diallel cross without reciprocals in 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons. The experiments were conducted at the Ismailia Agriculture Research Station under three water regimes. The first water regime was non-stress (I1) 2000 m3 water/fad, the second water regime was 1500 m3 (I2) and the third water regime was severe water condition 1000 m3 (I3) water/fad. The results showed that water stress reduced the flag leaf area, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield/plant. The crosses P1xP2 and P2xP6 were considered as the best hybrids for grain yield and other traits, revealing their importance in improving wheat in breeding programs for drought tolerance. The magnitude of dominance components (H1 and H2) was higher than the corresponding additive one (D) for all studied traits, indicating the important role of over dominance effect in the genetic control of these traits. Moreover, the heritability values in narrow sense were relatively low for all traits and ranged from 15.7% for relative water content to 55.5% for grain yield/plant due to subjected wheat plant to water stress.
Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizations on the Growth and Flowering of Rumex vesicarius L. /
تخصص البحث :
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 8
H. K. Atta-Alla
E. I. Moghazy
Y. M. Abd El-Fatah
M. A. Abou Al-Maati
Rumex, Organic fertilization, Chemical fertilization.
Effect of compost (organic fertilization) at 8.0, 10, 12 and 14 m3/ fed. combined with krystalon (chemical fertilization) at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 gm/plant was studied on the vegetative growth and flowering characters of Rumex vesicarius L. The results showed that the application of compost, krystalon singly or in combination increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and number of inflorescences per plant. Moreover, the interaction between compost and krystalon had increasing effect on the vegetative growth characters and yield of inflorescences/plant. The best treatment in this concern was the mixture between compost at 12 m³/fed and krystalon at 3gm/plant. In addition through our observation, Rumex plants could be used as bed plant and flowering pot plant. Also, this work may lead to discover new plants from the Egyptian flora to be recommended as new ornamental plants.
Three experiments were conducted to develop an efficient cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n= 2x=14) anther culture protocol. The first experiment was conducted to study the effect of genotypes, medium types and stage of male flower development from which anther will be cultured. Difference among cucumber genotypes was significant for their effect on frequency of anther culture development into callus, but callus size was not affected. Medium type (MS) positively affected the percentage of anther development into callus than B5 medium. Anthers from closed flower buds were significantly better in callus formation than those taken from open flowers. The best combination which affected anther growth was achieved using anther derived from closed flower buds of the genotypes Garawani, L82-57 or L88-83 when grown on solid MS medium +2,4-D at 2.0 mg/l+ BA at 1.0 mg/l. As indicated from histological examination, none of the tested treatments showed callus regeneration. The second experiment examined the effect of 24 combinations of glutamine and growth regulators types and concentration on callus growth from cold or non-cold treated anther of 6 cucumber genotypes. MS medium amended with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D+0.5 mg/l BA+ 1.0 mg/l kin was the most effective on callus growth scale. Cold pre-treatment of anther at 4 ?C for 48 hr resulted in more vigorous callus than non-cold. When callus was examined under microscope, embryo-like callus was observed in L 88-83 with the culture of cold-treated anther on MS medium + 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l BA, while shoot primordia appeared in medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2.4-D + 1.0 mg/l BA + 1.0 mg/l kin and 50 mg/l glutamine. Very visible shoot or root initials were observed in non-cold treated anther culture of the genotype WI 1701G in a medium devoid of glutamine, indicating difference among cucumber genotypes in their response to medium composition (PGR and glutamine) or thermal treatment. These results were confirmed by histological analysis. In the third experiment anther-derived callus from Exp.2 were sub-cultured into MS medium amended with 3 concentrations of ABA and two sucrose levels, to examine further differention of callus into regenerants. Microscopic examination of the resulted culture indicated shoot bud regeneration in a medium with 0.3 mg/l ABA+ 9% sucrose, while hairy roots were visible from sub culturing callus into 0.2 mg/L ABA+3% sucrose. Embryogenic like callus with side shoots was formed on MS medium + 0.1 mg/l ABA + 9% sucrose. Histological examination provided clear evidence of shoot bud formation in the above medium.
Agricultural Research Journal Suez Canal University / / Volume 10, No. 1 - 2010
تاريخ تقديم البحث 19/12/2013
تاريخ قبول البحث 19/12/2013
عدد صفحات البحث 6
S. Khatab.
F. El-Sherif
Benzyladenine, In vitro, Russian tarragon, shoot tip, stem cutting and thidiazuron
Explant source plants were established by seed cultured on half strength MS basal medium with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.6% Bacto Difco agar. Shoot tips from 6-week-old seedlings or stem cuttings from 24 weeks old plants from in vitro culture explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L). The highest shoot multiplication from shoot tip explants was obtained after 6 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L BA. Stem cutting explants produced their highest shoot number/explant using BA at 2.0 mg\L. Fully developed leaves were cut into leaf discs of about 1.0 cm2 in size and cultured on MS medium containing TDZ at (0.0, 0.001 and 0.004 mg/L ). Direct shoot regeneration occurred at 0.001 mg\L TDZ without callus. Shoot tips were isolated and induced to root on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and/or Alpha-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots resumed growth after a short period of acclimatization and resulted in plantlets which were successfully established in soil.Explant source plants were established by seed cultured on half strength MS basal medium with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.6% Bacto Difco agar. Shoot tips from 6-week-old seedlings or stem cuttings from 24 weeks old plants from in vitro culture explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L). The highest shoot multiplication from shoot tip explants was obtained after 6 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L BA. Stem cutting explants produced their highest shoot number/explant using BA at 2.0 mg\L. Fully developed leaves were cut into leaf discs of about 1.0 cm2 in size and cultured on MS medium containing TDZ at (0.0, 0.001 and 0.004 mg/L ). Direct shoot regeneration occurred at 0.001 mg\L TDZ without callus. Shoot tips were isolated and induced to root on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and/or Alpha-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots resumed growth after a short period of acclimatization and resulted in plantlets which were successfully established in soil.
جميع البيانات التي يتم تسجيلها على النظام هي ملك للجهة صاحبة هذه البيانات
لا يتم الاطلاع على هذه البيانات من قبل مهندسي المركز إلا للضرورة القصوى ولغرض الدعم الفني وبالاتفاق مع الجهة صاحبة البيانات شفوياً أو كتابياً
لا يتم إعطاء أي بيان من بيانات النظام لأي فرد او جهة فرعية تنتمي للجهة صاحبة البيانات او لأي جهة أخرى إلا بموافقة كتابية من الجهة صاحبة البيانات
يمكن استخدام البيانات المسجلة على النظام بهدف عمل إحصائيات يستفاد منها فى قياس اداء النظام وكفاءة استخدامه من قبل مستخدميه
يتم تأمين جميع البيانات الخاصة بالنظام من خلال تأمين الحاسب الخادم الذي يستضيف البيانات ومن خلال تأمين انتقال البيانات بين جهاز المستخدم والحاسب الخادم وكذلك تأمين واجهة النظام التي يستخدمها المستخدم
كل مستخدم للنظام مسئول مسئولية كاملة عن كلمة المرور الخاصة به وعليه اتخاذ كافة الاحتياطات الممكنة حتى لا يستطيع أى شخص آخر الحصول عليها
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