الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The incidence of cardiac disease during pregnancy is 0.1–4% .70–80%. Diagnosis of heart disease in pregnancy is difficult due to the anatomical and physiological changes in the cardiovascular system Cardiac diseases in pregnancy are divided into three main groups. There are different methods for maternal risk assessment. Management of heart disease during pregnancy is similar to that in non-pregnant patients taking into consideration the effect on the fetus. Women at intermediate or high risk should be managed in a high-risk pregnancy unit by a multidisciplinary team staffed by obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and pediatricians.