الفهرس 
FAMILY RELATION (NORMAL FAMILY RELATION)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Substance use disorders is a complex condition in which there is uncontrolled use of a substance despite harmful consequences. People with SUD are affected by many social and family problems. One of These problems are the family relation dysfunction.
Family environments with high levels of adversity, including violence, stress, parental drug use, ineffective communication and discipline, and poor sibling relationships, have been linked to adolescent drug use.
In one of the largest scientific research studies examining the relationship between adversity in childhood and behavioral outcomes later in life, the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study investigated the effects of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction on substance use problems in adolescence and adulthood. findings indicated that exposure to such adverse family environments significantly associated with alcohol use initiation in early adolescence.
In one of the first studies testing the social stress model of substance abuse among a sample of urban adolescents. demonstrated that poor family environments (i.e., poor parental relationships, a high degree of family problems) were significantly associated with a higher level of drug use. This prompted the argument that examining stress is a critical component in the development of SUDs and that future research should examine this relationship prospectively.