الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic auto-immune condition which is characterized by multi-organ involvement, particularly joints, skin, neurons, and kidneys.
Loss of immune tolerance towards body antigens results in the generation of autoantibodies with high affinities to body nuclear antigens, including histones, ribonucleoproteins, and double stranded DNA (ds-DNA).
Autoantibodies interact with nuclear antigens, forming immune complexes that trigger several various immune responses, and contributing to profound inflammation which mediates tissue injury and the presented manifestations.
Micro-RNAs are autogenous non-coding biomolecules with sequences of 18-25 nucleotides. which are either partially or entirely bound to complementary sequences of mRNA and therefore they miRNAs are considered as a post-transcriptional regulator of target mRNAs.
MiRNAs modulate different biological processes including development, proliferation, and activation of different immune cells including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells). Which subsequently implied that the disordered miRNAs are directly related to the activity of SLE and its progression.
Cell-free DNAs (cf-DNAs) are circulating DNA produced through cellular DNA degradation and cell death. These free DNA contribute to SLE pathogenesis and are the target for secreted antinuclear autoantibodies forming immune complexes which consequently mediate the profound immune response and inflammation via its interaction with TLR9 which activates antigen-presenting cells with the following T and B cells activation as well as secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators.
This study involved investigation of serum miRNA-21, miRNA-146a and plasma cf-DNA in determination of SLE activity, in addition their association with clinical data including complement factor 3 (C3), complement factor(C4), anti-dsDNA, and other disease activity indices.
Eighty participants divided into; twenty active patients (with SLE-DAI2K score of 16-18) twenty inactive patients (with SLE-DAI2K score of 1-3), and forty healthy control participants) included in this study. Serum miR-21, miR-146a, and plasma cf-DNA were quantified by real time PCR and their correlation with clinical data was statistically analysed.
The findings showed significant dysregulation of miR-2, miR-146a and cfDNA and correlation with clinical biochemical markers particularly those reflecting SLE activity status. As well as miR-21 and cf-DNA level revealed a good diagnostic value particularly when coupled to other clinical data. Consequently, it could be invested as efficient prognostic tools for SLE disease.
Likewise, the correlation of three parameters could provide a great aptitude biomarker for SLE diagnosis and prognosis.