الفهرس 
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric illness across the world, severely affecting the quality of life, and could be commonly associated with depressive symptoms, although its underlying pathology is still unclear and recently multiple studies were concerned with the relation between Schizophrenia and depressive symptoms.
Moreover, Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how the patient feels, thinks, and acts. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease the ability to function at work and at home.
Depression is common among people with Schizophrenia and is associated with severe positive and negative symptoms, increased rates of impairment, treatment resistance and mortality related to suicide, physical and drug-related causes.
Aim: To determine the rate of occurrence of depression in patients with Schizophrenia & assess the relation between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Schizophrenia with depressive symptomatology.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study; carried out at Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, between September 2023 to March 2024.
Scientific and ethical approval was obtained from both ethical committees of the Institute of Psychiatry and Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, and the cases who accepted to participate signed a written informed consent that was provided within the study.
The study involved 50 cases diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to DSM-IV.
The cases answered closed-ended questions about their sociodemographic data (age, gender, residency, employment, education, and marital state), along with clinical data (Duration of illness, previous hospitalizations, family history, and presence of suicidal attempt). Cases were then assessed using SCID 1 to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude other psychiatric disorders and PANSS scale for positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia, SANS scale for assessment of negative symptoms, and the CDSS for assessing depressive symptoms in patients with Schizophrenia.
All data was recorded, entered & analyzed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS 20)
Data was presented and suitable analysis was done according to the type of data obtained for each parameter.
Results were displayed to answer questions raised in the hypothesis of this study.
Results: Total of 50 subjects of Schizophrenia, showing statistically significant difference as regards the gender and duration of illness between cases with positive and negative CDSS.
Our study revealed the following main findings:
1. There was no statistically significant difference found between patients with and without depression, as confirmed or excluded by the CDSS, regarding PANSS and SANS scores.
2. There was no statistically significant correlation between depressive symptoms in patients with Schizophrenia and the previously mentioned sociodemographic and clinical characteristics except for male gender as a protective independent factor and duration of illness ≥ 8 years as an independent risk factor.
Further investigations via longitudinal studies and on larger samples are recommended to settle specific causal paths between the two variables.