الفهرس 
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Abstract
Forensic identification in cases of mass disasters such as severe burning of bodies, commingling or severe fragmentation of tissues depends on many factors such as circumstantial evidence, information based on investigations, fingerprints, dental records, DNA analysis and anthropological examinations.
The uniqueness of anatomical structures is the base on which forensic determination of unknown deceased largely depends. Recently, morphometric studies on different skeletal bones using computed tomography images have been recorded.
The use of remained skeleton for investigating an individual identity is a complex process and needs continuous efforts along with research to validate the available tools.
Morphometric studies on paranasal sinuses have been the target of many morphometric investigations all over the world for determination of age and gender.
The paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid) are complex anatomical structures, their development and growth have been investigated utilizing several different methods ranging from cadaveric analysis to modern cross-sectional imaging with 3D modeling.
Despite these morphometric studies for age and gender estimation using maxillary and frontal sinuses parameters have been conducted on adults all over the world including Egypt, no studies using the previous morphometric parameters were carried out on Egyptian children population yet. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the pioneer studies performed on them.
The aim of the current study was to assess the validity of frontal and maxillary sinuses for age and gender determination in a sample of Egyptian children population.
CT brain and paranasal sinuses of 180 child of age group from 1m-18 yrs were collected from the archive of Radiology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUH).
Depth, width and height of scanned frontal and maxillary sinuses on both sides were measured.
There were significant differences among the studied age groups using all the studied parameters of frontal sinuses except the depth on both sides.
There were significant differences among the studied age groups regarding all the studied parameters depth, width and height of right and left maxillary sinuses.
There were statistically significant differences between male and female children regarding left frontal depth and right frontal width only.
There were statistically non-significant differences between male and female children in all maxillary sinus studied parameters (depth, width and height) on both sides.
There was a significant difference between male and female children using right frontal depth in age groups 1m-6 yrs and >11-18 yrs.
There was a significant difference between male and female children in right frontal width in age groups 1m-6 yrs and >6-11 yrs.
There was a significant difference between male and female children in right frontal height in age group 1m-6 yrs.
There was a significant difference between male children and female children in left frontal depth in age group >11-18 yrs.
There was a significant positive correlation between all the studied parameters of both maxillary and frontal sinuses (right and left) with age.
All frontal sinuses’ measurements had higher sensitivity for age detection than maxillary sinuses’ measurements while left maxillary depth had the highest specificity for age detection (98.3%).
Right frontal width had the highest accuracy for age estimation among all the studied parameters in all the studied age groups (92.85%) followed by left maxillary height (91.65%).
On the other hand, the accuracy of left frontal depth and right frontal width for gender determination was 64.05% and 64% respectively.