الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine –metabolic disorder in childhood and adolescence. Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) accounts for 90-95% of those with diabetes while type 2 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of those with diabetes.
Long term complications of DM occur at least 7 years after the onset of diabetes and they include diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Pediatricians have become interested in diabetic complications only during the last decade when recent techniques permitted the detection of minor abnormalities in early asymptomatic cases.
Diabetic nephropathy occurs in 20-40% of the patients with type 1 DM. Micralbuminuria is the earliest indicator of nephropathy. It was defined as an albumin/creatinine ratio between 30-300mg/24hr. Whereas macroalbuminuria is defined as elevated albumin/creatinine ratio >300mg/24hr. The occurrences of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 DM is clearly indicative of increased risk of nephropathy and other microvascular and macrovascular complications. Progression of microalbuminuria can be modified by early intervention in children and young adult.
The present study aimed to assess the frequency of microalbuminuria in children with type 1 diabetes. One hundred fifty five diabetic children of at least 1 years duration of diabetes were included in the study.
Children included in the study were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, and anthropometric measurement. Laboratory investigations included were urine analysis, random blood sugar level, glycosylated haemoglobin and microalbuminuria.
The present study showed that 10 diabetic children (6.5%) had microlbuminuria .There was a significant relationship between the duration of diabetes and the glycemic control. Although, there was no significant relationship between the age, sex of the cases and nephropathy. Also there was no demonstrable link between body mass index and microalbuminuria.