الفهرس 
الفصل الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
”Crime is a historical social phenomenon whose existence has been linked to the existence of human societies throughout historical eras. It is the product of the interaction of political, economic, social and intellectual circumstances and situations that a society may go through that have influenced and been affected by the totality of those circumstances and situations. Crime is a phenomenon of human life and an image of the era, a reflection of its circumstances and circumstances. An era with its historical specificity. Accordingly, this study deals with crime in its historical context, not separate from its political, economic, social, and intellectual reality in the western Tripoli state during the second Ottoman era, 1835-1912 AD. The importance of the study is due to the fact that it chronicles an important phase of the history of crime in Libya, based on what was included in the primary sources. Historical material with the aim of monitoring the phenomenon of crime in the western state of Tripoli, according to a historical and social vision for the period extending from 1835 to 1911 AD. The introduction dealt with a brief study of the crime situation in West Tripoli prior to the second Ottoman era, the late rule of the Karamanli dynasty 1798-1835 AD, and the first chapter was devoted to studying the factors and reasons behind the spread of crime in West Tripoli during the second Ottoman era. The second chapter dealt with the study of felony crimes, such as murders and banditry, and crimes of assault on state resources, including crimes of administrative and financial corruption, in addition to social and moral crimes. It dealt with the causes of these crimes, the methods of their implementation, and the prevailing patterns in them. The third chapter focused on studying misdemeanor crimes and violations, including incidents of theft, trespassing on property, physical assault, violations of harm to peace and public health, and violations of buying and selling, and discussed the criminal procedures that were taken regarding the crimes. The fourth chapter focused on studying the judicial system and methods of litigation. Chapter Five dealt with the types of penalties enacted and methods of implementing them. The sixth chapter focused on studying the conditions of prisons and prisoners, addressed the effects and repercussions caused by crime, and discussed ways and procedures to confront crime by the local and central authorities in Istanbul. The study included a conclusion that addressed the most important findings of the study, including : There was an interaction between all the political, economic, social and intellectual factors and conditions that the West Tripoli State went through during the second Ottoman era, as driving and influencing factors that contributed to creating conditions suitable for the spread of crime. Crime in Tripoli of the West took many different types and forms, as it represented a case of continuing political conflict between the ruling political authority and opposition groups, depicting a form of social conflict, the conflict over pastures and water sources, and a means of securing livelihoods and life, and confronting difficult living conditions. Indicators of the presence of criminals in Tripoli indicated the participation of foreign elements and the Jewish community in the spread of crime thanks to the immunity and protection these elements enjoyed against any legal prosecution under the system of foreign privileges and consular protection. On the other hand, the study showed the role and presence of women in crimes, especially theft crimes, and a greater share in cases of physical assault, defamation, and defamation. Crime in Western Tripoli during the second Ottoman era was characterized by a professional nature, as personalities with different affiliations emerged with multiple precedents who took crime as a profession and a craft from which they made a living. The study revealed the difference in crimes in urban and rural areas, as urban crime was characterized by a material, moral, and social nature. Crimes of theft, counterfeiting currency, embezzlement, and violating public morals emerged in urban areas, while crimes in the rural environment were dominated by theft of livestock and agricultural crops, and armed robbery. The study documents revealed some important aspects of the criminal procedures that were taken regarding the occurrence of the crime, represented by complaints and reports, arrest procedures, interrogation records, evidence collection, and filing a lawsuit. Despite its late appearance in the period under study, the local press played a kind of community awareness to monitor crime news, alert to its dangers, and develop security awareness among the people. It led supportive campaigns to reform the situation and urged the authorities to carry out their responsibilities entrusted to them in order to maintain security and achieve stability. The study also showed that the judiciary was exposed to some pressures and interventions on the part of the ruling authorities, as it faced difficulties while exercising its powers, and violations and deviations occurred in the judiciary departments, resulting in harm to the interests of the people and loss of rights. Punishments were numerous in Western Tripoli during the period under study. There were corporal punishments, imprisonment and hard labor punishments, and banishment and deportation punishments. The government was excessive in imposing financial fines and confiscating property with the aim of enriching the government treasury. Finally, crime in its many forms and manifestations left its clear effects and repercussions on the state’s community in Tripoli West, where acts of crime contributed to the spread of chaos and insecurity, and were a factor in the deterioration of public conditions, which required the state government to adopt ways and means to confront crime and reduce its risks. So that the government’s approach succeeded sometimes and failed at other times.