الفهرس 
LISTENING EFFORT (LE)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hearing impaired patients often report difficulties on attending to auditory message. These difficulties are not only exclusive to understanding the auditory message, rather, the process itself become effortful and induce tiredness or fatigue. While conventional Puretone audiometry and speech audiometry are efficient tools to access hearing impaired individuals, they do not address the perceived listening effort that the patient faces on daily basis. Accordingly, LE assessment tools represent a relatively new dimension in evaluating hearing impaired population. These tools include a subjective self-report questionnaires as the Speech, Spatial, Qualities of hearing scale (SSQ), Fatigue assessment scale (FAS), and Effort assessment scale(EAS). A behavioral tool such as the dual task paradigms, and an objective physiological tool such as pupillometry, skin conductance, heart rate variability, Electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).
This study has used subjective self-rating Arabic version of SSQ scale, a behavioral tool which is the dual task paradigms and an objective physiological tool which is pupillometry to measure LE for normal and hearing impaired adult population.
This study aimed to standardize LE assessment tools namely the Arabic version of SSQ, dual task paradigms and pupillometry in normal hearing adults. And To assess LE in adult Hearing aids (HA) users to investigate whether they still suffer even after being optimally fitted with HA.
The study consisted of one hundred and eleven adult individuals divided into two groups; a normal hearing group (sixty normal individuals) with mean age of 40 years and a study group (fifty-one HA users with bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss of variable degrees) with mean age of 35 years and hearing loss duration ranging from 2 to 49 years. Patients were recruited from Audiology Unit, ORL department, Ain Shams University.