الفهرس 
Aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Echocardiography has developed as the most prevalent analytic imaging method in cardiology. In the course of the most recent 5 decades, the indicative capacity of echocardiography has expanded drastically from M-mode to two dimensional imaging. Late advances in ultrasound instrumentation and PC innovation have prompted three dimensional echocardiography, along these lines presenting another period in cardiovascular imaging.
Each imaging system in cardiology goes for a complete perception and exhaustive evaluation of cardiovascular morphology and pathology as the heart is a complex geometric strcture. Along these lines, examination of the heart in movement in each of the three or four (counting time) measurements can encourage and upgrade the analytic abilities of echocardiography. 3D echocardiography is still in its development and at the period of ahead of schedule adjustment as for its clinical application. It ought to supplement current echocardiography techniquesd by giving better comprehension of the geological parts of pathology and refined definition fo the spatial connections of (intra)cardiac structures. Besides, it gives new lists not portrayed by two-dimensional echocardiography and makes the current ones more exact.
The perfect skill for three-dimensional recreation is continuous 3D echocardiography. The framework utilizes a novel grid staged cluster transducer with parallels preparing to check a pyramidal volume. In a pyramidal volume, the pictures are shown by means of any plane or volumetric methods rendering pictures quickly. Second era network transducer turned out to be as of late accessible for clinical studies. Since at present accessible is constant three-dimensional echocardiography imagines the heart just from the transthoracic approach, one of the primary impediments is the picture quality in difficult to picture patients, and infrequently picture antiques. Further advances in PC innovation have empowered encoding of shading stream Doppler information together with dim scale imaging and 3D presentation of Doppler stream occasions with encompassing cardiovascular life structures.
This study went for assessing the attainability and exactness of 3-Dimensional (3D) echocardiography in the assessment of mitral valve pathology in 15 youngsters griping mitral valve illnesses (mitral stenosis, mitral spewing forth and mitral prolapse).
This study was done in Department of Pediatrics and the Unit of Echocardiography (Zagazig University Hospitals). It was done on 15 patients griping mitral valve maladies (mitral stenosis, mitral disgorging and mitral prolapse).
All subjects were presented to full history, clinical examination, lab examinations, electrocardiogram and echocardiography (M-mode, two-dimensional and 3D).
We showed that:
• 3D echocardiography permits reproducible estimation of mitral valve stenosis. The introduced study affirmed the moderate connection between’s mitral valve range surveyed by anyplane echocardiography and 3D surface rendering when contrasted with Doppler PHT-determined territories. Patients with a level geometry of the mitral valve have an affinity to atrial fibrillation. Mitral valve volume can be utilized for quantitative assessment of mitral stenosis and has a tendency to be more noteworthy in patients with basic stenosis.
• 3D transesophageal echocardiography gives extra data to twodimensional (two-dimensional) echocardiography in patients with mitral valve stenosis experiencing percutaneous mitral inflatable valvotomy. It can be a significant option when evaluation of the mitral valve zone by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is not solid. The mitral valve volume can be evaluated by 3D transesophageal echocardiography. Mitral valve volume is conversely connected to a fruitful valvuloplasty strategy and can be helpful for the choice of patients for mitral inflatable valvotomy. Post-inflatable valvotomy 3D transesophageal echocardiography enhances the depiction of the valvular life structures. This empowers all the more comprehension of the systems of effective mitral inflatable valvotomy and its confusions.
• 3D transesophageal echocardiography gives direct estimation of hole range of both prostheses in aortic and mitral positions, has a decent connection with opening area manufacturer and hole territory Doppler, and has a bigger release coefficient than the one acquired by Doppler strategies. Be that as it may, it is tedious, 3D echocardiography permits point by point in vivo evaluation of mechanical valve prostheses, with more basic morphologic insight about the valve itself and its sewing ring, and permits utilitarian appraisal of valve energy, particularly if the en face view with element volume-and surface-rendered pictures are produced. 3D echocardiography is attainable in the appraisal of the left atrial limb launch part and has lower onlooker variability contrasted with two-dimensional echocardiography. Along these lines, it might supplement two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of the left atrial limb mechanical capacity. Moreover, an ideal cutplane angulation of the left atrial extremity view at 135has been illustrated.
• The appraisal of the morphology, capacity and pathology of the heart, and particularly the mitral valve mechanical assembly by 3D echocardiography turns out to be more precise. Contrasting and two-dimensional echocardiography, 3D echocardiography offers points of interest for the morphologic and quantitative appraisal of mitral valve. 3D echocardiography gives new quantative lists hopeless by traditional two-dimensional imaging. It creates the impression that 3D echocardiography has the potential for arranging operations and evaluating interventional or surgical results.