الفهرس 
Anatomy of the frontal sinus
Frontal sinus surgery classificationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The successful management of some frontal sinus diseases, such as chronic frontal sinusitis, requires complete access to the frontal sinus(1, 2).The surgical management of frontal sinus diseases is a big challenge for otorhinolaryngologists. Before the widespread use of endoscopic endonasal approaches to the frontal sinus, external approaches were associated with poor outcomes. (3, 4) The introduction of endoscopic sinus surgery techniques allowed for reestablishing ventilation and drainage with a maximized preservation of frontal sinus mucosa, and restoring the normal function of frontal sinus. The conventional endoscopic frontal surgery is able to deal with the majority of chronic frontal sinusitis. However, recurrent or persisted frontal sinus disease caused by scarring and stenosis has continued to challenge the surgeons. The high degree of anatomic variability presenting in the frontal recess and sinus or distorted intranasal landmarks by failed endoscopic surgery makes visualization difficult to this area from an intranasal approach(5, 6). Therefore, alternative procedures are required to treat difficult frontal sinus diseases. In light of these challenges, advanced revision approaches have been developed for the frontal sinus, including the Draf II and Draf III frontal sinusotomies.(7) therefore, this study was designed to evaluate quality of life after drill out procedures in endoscopic management of some frontal sinus diseases.