الفهرس 
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Abstract
The author is most grateful to Prof. Dr. S. Taha; physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University; for suggesting this point of research, supervision; and fruitful discussion whose numerous suggestions were extremely helpful to complete this work.
The author would like to record deep gratitude to Prof. Dr. S. El-Sayed; Physics Department, Faculty of science, Fayoum University; for reviewing this thesis and supported given throughout this work.
Also, the author is greatly indebted to Assistance Prof. Dr. M. Hafez; physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University; not only for supervision of this work but also for his revising the manuscript and continuous advice.
It is my pleasure to express my gratitude to all those who helped me for realization this work during all the period of activity.