الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the effect of irrigation with the four different percentage of mixed sewage effluent and fresh water on growth parameters of three trees species; Casuarina, Jatropha and Khaya. The experiment was carried out at new Minia city, El-Minia, Egypt from January 2018 to December 2019.
Results could be summarized in following main topics:
1- Effect of tree species, irrigation treatments and their interaction on the growth parameters in all six growth periods.
A- Effect of three tree species on the growth characters.
- Plant height and number of branches per plant were showed significant response for three species in all six growth periods.
- Khaya recorded the tallest tree in all six periods except the 1st period 4 months, where jatropha stated the tallest tree. In growth period 20 months jatropha and khaya gave the highest PH without significant difference.
- Casuarina stated the highest branches/plant in all growth periods. Jatropha and Khaya were gave the lowest NB/P in the 1st growth period 4 months. Jatropha and khaya in first four growth periods 4, 8, 12 and 16 months didn’t showed significant difference in NB/P.
- Significant response found for the three tree species on the stem diameter in two periods 12 and 24 months and on no. of leaves / plant in the three growth periods 4, 20 and 24 months.
- Casuarina and jatropha in the period 12 months gave highest stem diameter with insignificant difference. Also, jatropha and khaya didn’t differ significantly in SD in last growth period.
86
Summary and recommendation
- Casuarina gave the highest NL/P in periods 4, 12, 20 and 24 months. In the 1stand 5th growth periods (4 and 20 months), jatropha and khaya
didn’t any significant difference in leaves per plant.
B- Effect of the four mixed water treatments on the characters in all six
growth periods.
- Plant height and number of branches per plant showed significant response to the four mixed water treatments in all six growth periods.
- The treatment 50%S+50%F resulted in the tallest plant height in all six periods and the highest branches/plant in each growth periods except the 12 months period.
- The treatment 100 sewage water gave the shortest plant height and lowest branches/plant in all periods.
- The four mixed water treatments resulted in significant difference for stem diameter and no. of leaves/plant in all growth periods except for stem diameter in the first period 4 months and no. of leaves/plant in the fifth period 20 months.
- Application the treatment irrigation 50%S+50%F resulted in the highest stem diameter of all growth periods, while the treatment sewage water only stated the lowest stem diameter.
- Application treatment 50%S+50%F resulted in highest leaves/plant in each growth period except the longest period 24 months that gave highest leaves/plant with treatment 75%S+25%F, while 100%S recorded the lowest one for leaves/plant.
C- Effect of tree species–mixed water treatments interaction on traits in
all six growth periods.
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Summary and recommendation
- In all growth periods, plant height showed significant response for the tree species – mixed water treatments interaction.
- In the 1st period 4 months, irrigation three species with treatment 50%S+50%F recorded the highest plant height.
- Khaya irrigated with treatment 50%S+50%F recorded the highest plant height in the periods 8, 12, 16, 24 months. Furthermore, irrigation jatropha with same treatment stated the highest plant height in period 20 months. This indicated that sewage water save 50% from fresh water needed to obtain the highest plant height for khaya and jatropha.
- Stem diameter and number of branches per plant showed significantly response for three tree species–four water treatments interaction in growth periods 16, 20 and 24 months in addition to period 12 months for NB/P.
- Irrigation casuarina with 50%S+50%Fgave the highest stem diameter in periods 4 and 24 months. Also, khaya irrigated with treatment 50%S+50%F recorded the highest stem diameter in the periods 8, 12 and 16 months.
- Significant response of no. of leaves/plant for species–water treatment interaction was observed after 12 and 24 months.
- The highest branches/plant was observed from irrigation casuarinas with 50%S+50%F in the growth periods 16, 20 and 24 months, while after 12 months casuarina with treatment 75%S+25%F gave highest branches/plant.
2- Effect of tree species, irrigation treatments ant their interaction on
the growth parameters in the last growth period 24 months.
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Summary and recommendation
- Three species, four water treatments and their interaction showed significant differences in most other growth parameters in the last growth period 24 months.
- Irrigation casuarina and jatropha with 100%S gave the highest stem fresh weight. Khaya irrigated with 50%S+50%F recorded highest stem fresh weight.
- Three species were showed increase in branches fresh weight with increase ratio sewage water in treatment.
- Jatropha recorded the highest leaves fresh weight for 100%S and 50%S+50%F without significant difference.
- Khaya irrigated with 100%S gave highest leaves fresh weight and leaves dry weight.
- Treatments 100%S and 75%S+25%F in irrigation casuarina recorded the highest shoot fresh weight with insignificant difference,
- Jatropha and Khaya irrigated with 100%S gave highest values for each of shoot fresh weight, shoot/root ratio, leaves dry weight and shoot dry weight.
- Casuarina irrigated with 75%S+25%F stated the highest shoot / root fresh weight ratio and highest stem dry weight.
- Khaya irrigated with 50%S+50%F and 011%S gave highest stem dry weight without significant difference.
- Casuarina irrigated with 100%S and 50%S+50%F stated the highest branches dry weight with insignificant difference.
- Jatropha with treatment 100%S gave highest branches dry weight and leaves dry weight.
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Summary and recommendation
- Khaya irrigated with each of 100%S and 75%S+25%F recorded highest branches dry weight without significant difference.
- Casuarina irrigated with 75%S+25%F stated highest leaves dry weight.
- Jatropha stated the highest one in leaf area, while the other two trees not showed significant difference between them.
- The highest value of chlorophyll A was found for khaya tree.
- The treatment (50%S+50%F) recorded the highest chlorophyll b for casuarina and jatropha.
- Casuarina irrigated with the three mixed water treatments (011% sewage), (75%S+25%F) and (25%S+75%F) were recorded highest values for carotenoids without significant difference.
- Khaya irrigated with the four water treatments gave the highest carotenoids without significant differences.
- Jatropha with (50%S+50%F) stated high carotenoids.
Recommendation
The present study recommended to irrigate khaya and jatropha seedlings by the treatment of 50% sewage effluent water + 50% fresh water and irrigate casuarina seedlings by treatment 75% sewage effluent water + 25% fresh water.