الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The practical application of genistein (GEN) as a drug system is hindered by its low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability. Encapsulation of poorly water-soluble drugs was considered one of the widely used approaches to overcome such of these obstacles. The primary goal of this research was to examine using DNA as an electrolyte and to study the effect of the electrosynthesis method on the behavior of the native DNA using two different denaturation methods one by adding Sodium Hydroxide and the other by adding sodium chloride to the solution. In addition, we examined the in situ encapsulate of the hydrophobic GEN during the electrosynthesis of DNA nanospheres with one step as a delivery system (Es GEN@DNA). The prepared Es DNA and Es GEN@DNA nanospheres were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential and stability test with respect to the structure and the morphology of the nanospheres. The result revealed that GEN was successfully encapsulated in situ during the DNA electrospherization as core/ shell like structure (Core: GEN and Shell: DNA) of average size 109.2 nm. Furthermore, GEN lost its crystalline nature during the preparation which confirms its encapsulation within DNA nanospheres. Also, the presence of GEN promotes the formation of the DNA nanospheres. Moreover, the prepared solutions gained wonderful stability against time for at least two months at 4OC. Furthermore, the drug encapsulation percentage was studied. In addition, the drug release efficiency of Es GEN@DNA was recorded and theoretically visualized to understand the mechanism and kinetics of GEN drug release. The encapsulation percentage of GEN within DNA nanospheres was found to be 89.62%. The Es GEN@DNA release profile was found to be slow (" ~ "30 % a burst release during initial 2h) followed by constant release during the last 48 h.In addition, a unique fractional kinetic model was introduced with a general form of timedependent rate coefficient that leads to release profiles, described by a Mittag-Leffler function was used to fit the release profile of free GEN and Es GEN@DNA.On the other hand, electrosynthesis of DNA under salt denaturation has been tested. The preliminary results revealed that DNA nanospheres may be electrochemically prepared using sodium chloride as a denaturation material of DNA. Hence in the future, a complete and adequate study of electrochemical preparation of salt denatured DNA will be our main concern, which may be well suited to a certain type of drugs, since some drugs may be affected if we make electrolyte alkaline.