الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aims to use a special type of pyrochlore and also glass ceramic samples in the field of water purification process and photocatalysis of organic dye (crystal violet) with advanced oxidation process (Photodegradation and Fenton-Like reaction). The pyrochlore samples represented in Gd2Zr2O7 nanoparticles and their substitutions [Gd(2-x)LaxZr2O7, Gd2Zr(2-x)Sn(x)O7, and Gd(2-x)La(x)Zr(2-x)Sn(x)O7], where (x= 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5). They have been successfully prepared using sol gel auto combustion technique. The glass ceramic samples represented in 46S5.2 borate bioactive glass ceramic sample which were prepared by complete replacement of silica with borate (the same ratios) by melt annealing process (mole %). The used compositions in (mole %) was 46.1 B2O3, 24.4 Na2O, 26.9 CaO, and 2.6% P2O5 plus addition of Gd2Zr2O7 nanoparticles and their substitutions [Gd(2-x)LaxZr2O7, Gd2Zr(2-x)Sn(x)O7, and Gd(2-x)La(x)Zr(2-x)Sn(x)O7] with overweight 0.1 gm of pyrochlore for the whole batch, where x is equal to 0.5 only here. The prepared samples were investigated by several characterization techniques. The functional groups of samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The crystalline nature of all samples was also investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The optical properties and energy-gap calculations were also measured using UV-Vis. spectrometer. As for monitoring the purification process, tracking the concentrations of the pollutant, and indicating the effect of the catalyst on it, all this was done using a visible light spectrophotometer. Because the prepared samples were supposed to be in the nano size, this was confirmed using the TEM. Electron diffraction was utilized as confirmation for the X-ray measurement that all prepared samples were crystalline. Moreover, the photoreactor was also provided with a remote control and a follow-up system was provided in this study in order to follow up the purification process through a mobile application and connect it to the reactor via the internet, in addition to a central screen in it that can be followed up in real time on the device. This feature enables anyone that has a password of the process to follow the purification process online anywhere. The actual purification process was done by all samples that mentioned above. These samples, 0.025 gm for each sample, were used for purification process of crystal violet solution (50 ml 10 ppm) under UV and visible light irradiation by advanced oxidation process in 90 minutes with time intervals 15 minutes. Moreover, the purification process in the case of using glass ceramic with pyrochlore additives alone proves a great efficiency more than using pyrochlore alone as it reaches 100% purification in a time (60-90 minutes) rather than pyrochlore alone with reaches only (10-50%) purification in the same time. The effect of hydrogen peroxide alone on the pollutant, photocatalyst, as well as both of them, together were measured. A noticeable effect on the rate of degradation in the case of the catalyst was shown by adding hydrogen peroxide more than using them alone, and this was also observed from concentration calculations with time in a period not exceeding 90 minutes. It is found that in the case of the catalyst and hydrogen peroxide, the rate of degradation was faster, even if the final result or the result at the time of 90 minutes is almost the same for each of the hydrogen peroxide alone or when it is present with the catalyst. In case of addition of hydrogen peroxide to the reaction, the result of purification with glass ceramic samples is an amazing and incredible which reaches 100% purification in just 2 minutes, while the result in case of pyrochlores sample reaches 100% in a time (60-90 minutes). That proves the ability of glass ceramic sample to decolorize the basic dyes (CV) in case of hydrogen peroxide additives by Fenton Like reaction method. Although purification with advanced oxidation process is so vital against different types of microbes, antimicrobial activity was also tested for the prepared samples (borate bioactive glass ceramic base without any addition) using four types of microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. There is an ability to use the same samples more than one time (reusability test) against the four microbes till to four times with a reasonable activity.