الفهرس 
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Abstract
Developers are mass-producing the city, and the small spaces between buildings become lost as” leftover spaces” under-utilized and have the potential as a positive urban element. These small open spaces in between buildings generally act as breathing spaces in congested urban areas. These leftovers can be redeveloped as functional spaces in the urban space. Leftover spaces can act as public spaces. Public space is never something people use; they attach meanings to it through everyday practice. People’s behavior is related to social interaction and adaptation to the public space.
This study aims to understand better everyday human life in leftover spaces. The research will focus on studying human behavioral patterns and the users’ everyday life in relation to different designs of leftover spaces. First, it will discuss the definitions of leftover spaces. Second, it will study people’s everyday life. Then, it will study different human behavior theories to understand the people practicing (formal and informal practices) in public spaces.
The study will adopt a qualitative approach to investigate the above relationship in different case studies in Cairo. It also devises open-ended interviews and observations. The research intended to study the relationship between people’s everyday practicing and the design of leftover spaces in Cairo. The study concludes with a model for investigating the relationship between space’s physical qualities and users’ appropriations. It showed that people’s everyday practices could appropriate leftover spaces, creating new functions and meanings dynamically and creatively. This experience can improve the built environment and the quality of life for residents in other underutilized spaces in the city/ other cities.