الفهرس 
Genital WartsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Genital warts (GWs), which are also called condylomas
acuminata or venereal warts, are the most common sexually
transmitted disease (STD) in the general population. The incidence of
it is increasing rapidly and closely related human papillomaviruses
(HPV) have been associated intimately with cervical neoplasia and
other genital tract neoplasms.
Genital warts are caused by infection with certain types of
human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 types of HPV exist, of
which between 30 and 40 are associated with the mucosa and skin of
the anogenital area. Approximately 90% of cases of GWs are due to
infection by HPV types 6 and 11.
Interferons are a combination of signaling proteins produced
and discharged by host cells in response to the attack of various
viruses. In particular, they pass messages that are known to modify the
function of the immune system to ward off viral infections.
In the lab tests, interferon therapy has been proved to be an
efficient method to fight HPV infection. It works mostly as an
antiviral medication. It also commands the infected cells to cease their
growth and increases immune response. There are some known
studies showing interferon has left positive improvement on genital
warts when it has been applied to them or directly injected into warts.
Kisspeptin, encoded by KISS-1 gene, is a protein produced by
human brain and also in other genetically similar species. It has a
fundamental role in reproduction. G protein–coupled receptor 54
(GPR54), the key receptor for the neuropeptide hormone kisspeptin
Summary
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play an important role in surveillance and modulating the immune
response.
Several researches have suggested a role for kisspeptin/GPR54
in immune regulation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–
induced immune stress or during pregnancy. However, the role of
kisspeptin/GPR54 in innate immunity and host defense against
infection by viral pathogens remains unknown.
So, this study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of kisspeptin
and interferon beta in genital wart patient. To elucidate our results,
this was a case control study carried out on 40 patients with the
diagnosis of genital warts who were collected from Dermatology
Outpatient Clinic in Menoufia University Hospital, in addition to 40
age and sex apparently healthy volunteers as a control group during
the period from January 2021 to January 2022. This study was carried
out at Dermatology and Andrology department, Faculty of Medicine,
Menoufia University.
All subjects randomly divided into two groups, 40 subjects for
each group as group I: included 40 patients with genital warts (GW),
group II: included 40 healthy subjects of comparable age and sex.
All participants included in our study were subjected to the
following: Written informed consent. Full history taking including:
Personal history: including name, age, sex. Present history: including
onset, course (progressive, regressive or stationary), duration. Past
history: of medical diseases or drug intake. Clinical Examination
including: General examination: to identify any excluding factor.
Dermatological Examination of wart: including site, shape, number and
size. Serum level of kisspeptin by ELISA method and serum level of
interferon beta by ELISA method.
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Results can be summarized as follow:
Age and sex didn’t show any significant differences between cases
and control groups (P> 0.05).
Acute onset of the disease was present in 60% of patients, 70% of
the patients had progressive course, mean disease duration was 6.48
months and ranged from 1–30 months, positive family history
presents in only 30% of the patients and 30% of them had recurrent
warts. All of the studied patients had no associated disorder.
Regarding criteria of warts, 50% of cases had labial warts, 25% in
penis. Regarding shape of warts, majority of the studied patients
(42.5%) were papular and smooth. Mean number was 4.55 ranged
from 1-12 warts and mean size was 5.05 ranged from 2-9 mm.
Kisspeptin level was significantly higher in cases (204.2±156.2)
than controls (54.7±18.5), while, IFN Beta level significantly
decreased among cases (66.8±18.2) than control (180.2±131.0),
with (P <0.001).
There were no significant relations between Kisspeptin and INF
Beta levels with sex, onset, course, family history, recurrence, site
and shape of warts (P> 0.05).
There were no significant correlations between Kisspeptin and INF
beta levels with age, disease duration, number of warts and size of
warts among studied patients (P>0.05).