الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was done to study the effect of feeding different pollen types on the physiological changes of honeybee. The first hybrid carniolan bees (Apis mellifera carnica) was used in different trails which conducted in a private apiary located at Tanda village, Mallawy district, Minia Governorate. The trials were extended through two successive seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020.
The present work aimed to study the following points:
1) Determination of the amounts and types of pollen collected by honeybee colonies from different plant sources in the study area.
2) Determination of fresh weight of pollen pellets of the main pollen sources collected by honeybee colonies.
3) Efficiency of availability of fresh pollen flows on some activities and productivities of honeybee colonies.
4) Evaluation the pollen for attractiveness and consumption by honeybee.
5) Evaluation the efficacy of different types of the main stored pollen on some activities and productivities of honeybee colonies.
6) Chemical composition of the main bee pollen
7) Physiological effects of some pollen types on honeybee.
The results obtained could be summarized as follows:
5.1. Determination of the amounts and types of pollen collected by honeybee colonies from different plant sources in the study area.
The yield of trapped pollen of each trap was daily collected during the year 2018 from January to December. The average weight of the collected pollen for each colony per month was recorded and yield of the collected pollen was classified in order to determine the representation percentage of different floral sources.
Determination of fresh weight of pollen pellets of the main pollen sources collected by honeybee colonies.
Examination of pollen traps indicated that there were four main pollen sources that weighted more than 70% of collected pollen during the flowering periods they were broad bean (Vicia faba), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexndrinum) and maize (Zea mays). In addition, the highest fresh weight was recorded for pollen pellets collected from broad bean and date palm (1.157 and 0.773 mg/100 pellets), respectively. On the other hand, maize and clover pollen recorded the lowest pellets weight of 0.563 and 0.523 mg/100 pellets, respectively.
5.3. Efficiency of availability of fresh pollen flows on some activity and productivity of honeybee colonies.
In the study area, there were four main pollen flows, broad bean from 15th of December to the end of February, date palm from 1st of March to the end of April, Egyptian clover from 1st of May to the end of June and maize from 15th of July to 15th of September.
5.4. Evaluation the collected pollen for attractiveness and consumption by honeybee.
The major types of pollen gathered by the honeybee colonies in active seasons 2018 and 2019 were stored under freezing conditions and resupplied to the experimental colonies in the dearth period (October, November and December of the two years of study). Each pollen type was prepared as pollen cake (50% pollen +30% powder sugar+20% honey), and knead to be homogeneous. In addition, a mixture from all pollen pellets was prepared. All types of pollen cakes were placed on the top of the frames in experimental colonies at the same time, in three replicates. Feeding preference of the tested pollen types.