الفهرس 
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Diagnosis of HCCOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally (EASL, 2018). Although, most of the cases occur in developing countries, its incidence in developed countries has increased (Trevisani et al., 2010). HCC is the most common cancer in Egypt (Ibrahim et al., 2014), largely because it has the highest global prevalence of HCV (Kandeel et al., 2015). In Egypt, Liver cancer forms 11.75% of the malignancies of all digestive organs and 1.6% of total malignancies (Omar et al., 2013). Risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C infections, cirrhosis, chronic alcohol abuse, aflatoxin ingestion, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and metabolic liver diseases. Both HCV and HBV infections are the most common risk factors for HCC among Egyptian patients (Severi et al., 2010).HCC typically arises in the setting of cirrhosis however; approximately 20% of HCC‘s have been known to develop in a non-cirrhotic liver (Lee and Lee, 2017). This sub-group of HCC often presents at advanced stages because surveillance is not performed in a non-cirrhotic liver (Lee and Lee, 2017). Diagnosis of HCC should occur in an early stage, so that the patient benefits from earlier diagnosis, through treatment using established algorithms (Ferlay et al., 2015). Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is best performed in a multidisciplinary setting. Patients should be cooperatively managed by hepatologists, transplant and hepatobiliary surgeons, medical oncologists, interventional radiologists, and palliative carespecialists.