الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work aims to fabricate colored pigment materials (spinels)
from recycling fly ash pollutants. Using a chemical treatment method,
alpha alumina was extracted from fly ash and characterized using
differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction
analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy. Different transition metals, Cr3+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, were used
to prepare the metal cobalt aluminate spinel pigment structures, CrCoAlO4, Mg0.8Co0.2Al2O4, and Co0.5Zn0.5Al2O4, respectively and Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ were used to prepare the metal zinc aluminate and Copper aluminate spinel pigment structures, (ZnAl2O4, FeZnAlO4, CuAl2O4, and
Zn0.5Cu0.5Al2O4). The influence of the sintering and fired temperature on
the structure and surface morphology of the obtained spinels was
investigated. Porosity, density, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning
electron microscopy, and electrical and magnetic properties were
determined. The results show that at 1500 ºC, the spinels physicmechanical, magnetic and electrical properties improve. The addition of
transition metal ions (Cr3+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Zn2+) to the
tetrahedral or octahedral sites of the CoAl2O4, ZnAl2O4 and CuAl2O4
structure is responsible for producing colored spinel structures can be
used in ceramic and pigment applications.