الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Water is one of the most important natural resources as it is the mainstay of all human activities, and the issue of water security has become a life and economic necessity directly related to achieving sustainable development. Achieving water security was considered the main objective of the water policy to achieve food security. Water constitutes 71% of the total surface area of the globe. The problem of water losses in Egyptian agriculture, which was estimated at 8.185 billion cubic meters in 2018, is one of the most important problems in agricultural uses of water resources, as the poor management of the agricultural system, especially with regard to irrigation water, It has effectively contributed to increasing water losses and deteriorating soil fertility and its physical and chemical properties, and in light of the phenomenon of climate change, which has been characterized by most other environmental problems as being global in nature as it has crossed the borders of countries to pose a threat to the whole world. where it has been confirmed the steady increase in surface air temperatures on the globe as a whole, as the global average has increased at a rate ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 degrees during the past 100 years. The agricultural sector is the largest sector vulnerable to climate change, causing severe damage to agricultural areas. Climate change may lead to a severe difference in the annual flood rates of the Nile River, which of course affects agricultural production. It has effectively contributed to increasing water losses and deteriorating soil fertility and its physical and chemical properties, and in light of the phenomenon of climate change, which has been characterized by most other environmental problems as being global in nature as it has crossed the borders of countries to pose a threat to the whole world. where it has been confirmed the steady increase in surface air temperatures on the globe as a whole, as the global average has increased at a rate ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 degrees during the past 100 years. The agricultural sector is the largest sector vulnerable to climate change, causing severe damage to agricultural areas. Climate change may lead to a severe difference in the annual flood rates of the Nile River, which of course affects agricultural production. The study aims mainly to study and estimate the water needs of the most important grain crops in light of climatic changes, by studying the current situation for the production of the most important grain crops in the Arab Republic of Egypt and studying the current situation of Egyptian water resources, their sources, use and losses. Studying the technical, productive and economic efficiency of the water unit through the efficiency of transporting and delivering water from its sources to its places of use in the Arab Republic of Egypt. A study of modern irrigation methods and the extent of their water availability by comparing them with traditional irrigation methods through the efficiency of modern irrigation systems, and estimating the water needs of the study crops using the CROPWAT program and comparing them with the consumed water needs, the productivity of the water unit, estimating the net return of the water unit used, and calculating the water savings and the sacrificed productivity The value of wasted production.