الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 130 |  |  |
| | | from | 130 | | |
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention and disorganization entail inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, and losing materials, at levels that are inconsistent with age or developmental level. Hyperactivity-impulsivity entails over activity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, intruding into other people’s activities, and inability to wait symptoms that are excessive for age or developmental level.
DSM-V criteria are used for diagnosis, while European countries usually use the ICD-10. Self-rating scales, such as the ADHD rating scale (The Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scale). Population surveys suggest that ADHD occurs in most cultures in about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults.
Obesity in children is multifactorial. Interactions among factors such as genetic predisposition, behavioral and cultural practices, and environmental influences lead to discordant energy balance, with energy intake exceeding energy expenditure, eventually leading to obesity in predisposed people. (1) ADHD precedes and contributes to obesity, deregulating energy balance; (2) Obesity leads to ADHD symptoms; (3) The two disorders share common etiopathophysiological mechanisms;(4) There are bi-directional links between the two conditions, with, possibly, additional underlying common factors contributing to the association.
The aim of this study is to study the relation between ADHD and obesity in children.
The study was done on one hundred of ADHD children who were attending at outpatient clinic of pediatric neurology, Menufia University after taking informative consent from their parents, during October 2018 till February 2020.
ADHD children were both males and females, their ages ranged between 4 to 17 years. They were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition criteria (DSM-V),
According to American psychiatric Association 2013.
They were divided in to:
A) Patients established on medical treatment.
B) Newly diagnosed.
All patients were subjected to history and clinical examination:
(Neurological examination, chest and heart examination, abdominal examination to exclude abnormalities), routine laboratory investigation (CBC, serum urea and creatine, ALT, AST, thyroid function test: FT3, FT4), EEG (when need), IQ (Intellectual Quotient) and Conners self –rating Scale. [45].
The results of current study showed:
38% of children had normal weight, 15% were obese, 36% were overweight, and 11% of them were underweight .