الفهرس 
Diabetes MellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are targeted and destroyed by infiltrating immunocytes, resulting in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin (Harjutsalo et al., 2008). Type 1 Diabetes is the most common type of the diabetes in people with lower age groups. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in both prosperous and poverty countries (Deepthi et al., 2017). T1D is a severe complex disease initiated by many environmental and genetic causes. It is one of most common diseases of children that requires life-long treatment, and is associated with high mortality, mostly due to complications that occur in future life. More than thirty years of genetic studies have identified several genetic disease variants and a longer list of recognized associated genetic loci. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are members of a large family of proteins (over 150 members) that includes the receptors for the steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, vitamin A family of metabolites (retinoids), and a variety of cholesterol metabolites, bile acids, isoprenoids, fatty acids and eicosanoids. A large number of family members have no known ligands, and are called orphan receptors (Holick, 2004). The human Fat mass and obesity -associated gene (FTO) gene was found on chromosome 16 at position q12.2 (Frayling et al., 2007). FTO has a total length of 410509 bp and contains nine exons and several nucleotide polymorphisms (Liu et al., 2017). Introduction & Aim of the Work ts in Egypt.