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العنوان
Management of Water Potentiality in Some Wadis, at Middle Egypt /
المؤلف
Ibrahim, Doha Hamdi.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / ضحي حمدي إبراهيم
مشرف / محمد موسي ابو حليقه
مشرف / محمد شريف سعد
مشرف / عصام أبو السباع عثمان
الموضوع
Wadis. Hydrology.
تاريخ النشر
2019.
عدد الصفحات
154 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
الجيولوجيا
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة المنيا - كلية العلوم - قسم الجيولوجيا
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

Egypt is facing greatly increasing demands for water due to a rapidly growing population. Surface-water resources originating from the Nile are now fully exploited great attention is now focused on groundwater extraction from the desert. The Eastern Desert has hot summer, warm winter, and low rainfall during winter, high evaporation intensities and high wind speed. The rain fall represents the main source of water; groundwater recharge and the floodwater. The main scope of the present study is using morphomeitric analysis, hydrochemistry and electrical resistivity studies to evaluate groundwater potentiality and suitability for different purposes. Therefore; morphomeitric studies were done for fourteen wadis at El-Minia and Assuit districts. Chemical analysis of fifty seven groundwater samples for major cations and major anions from Quaternary and Eocene aquifers were implemented and twenty four vertical electrical resistivity soundings were carried out for detecting groundwater potentiality.
The Eastern Dessert is dissected by many wadis trending in northwest- southeast direction, these Wadis cross the Eocene plateau in the study area and drain towards the Nile Valley. They were chosen for the morphomeitric analysis. These wadis (arranged from south to north) are; Wadi El Assuiti, Wadi El Ibrahimi, Wadi El Omrani, Wadi Abou Hasah El Qibly, Wadi Abou Hasah EL Bahary, Wadi El Barshawi, Wadi Ibada, Wadi El Meshag-gig, Wadi El Tihnawy, Wadi Garf El Deir ,Wadi El Bustan, Wadi El Tarfa, Wadi Sharuna and Wadi El Sheikh. The study of drainage systems of any area may afford valuable information about its denudational history. It reveals and clearly explains some characteristics as the degree of integration, density, uniformity, orientation and angularity.
The hydrochemical parameters of groundwater in the area under study were estimated to assess the water quality. The chemical analysis includes; determination of the total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH) and concentration of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and major anions (HCO3-, Cl-, and SO4-).
Concerning the ion dominant in Quaternary water samples, the sodium is the dominant cation, while the dominant anion is the sulfate. The dominant chemical water types of the Quaternary water samples are Na2 SO4, NaCl and Ca(SO4)2 . In Eocene water samples, sodium is the dominant cation, while the dominant anion is cloride. The dominant chemical water types are Nacl and Mg Cl2.
The results of chemical analysis have been used to evaluate groundwater quality of the collected groundwater samples for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes by comparing those parameters with Egyptian standards, the U. S. salinity laboratory staff method and World Health Organization (WHO).
All of Eocene groundwater samples are suitable for drinking due to their low level of salinity and also the major ions within the permissible limits, but the majority of Quaternary groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking due to their high salinity and also the major ions above the permissible limits. All of Quaternary and 95% of Eocene water samples are unsuitable for domestic uses due to high level of hardness based on total hardness while the rest (5%) of Eocene water samples are permissible due to low level of hardness. Meanwhile, the majority of the collected groundwater samples over the study area, were safe for irrigation purposes based on SAR (100 %), US salinity diagram (68 %), RSC (26 %), KR (63 % ), MH (63 %), Na (46 %) and Permeability index (93%).
Twenty-four vertical electrical soundings (VES) are carried out at the study area. Four geoelectric cross sections are constructed to cover the study area. These cross sections reveal that, there are four geoelectric layers in the area under study.The first layer is a surface layer in the cross section A-A`, B-B`, C-C` and D-D`. It consists of sand, clay and gravels intercalated with limestone fragments. The second layer is sand clay in cross section A- A` and composed of clay in cross section B-B` and it was completely removed in cross sections C-C`and D-D` by the effect of weathering in the eastern part.The third layer is dry limestone in cross section A-A` and composed of sandy clay in cross section B-B`, it was completely removed in cross sections C-C`and D-D` by the effect of weathering in the eastern part. The fourth layer layer is saturated limestone in cross sections A-A` and dry limestone in cross section B-B`, C-C` and D-D.