الفهرس 
1. INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The current study was carried out as a pot experiment at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University during winter growth season of 2015 -2016 to study the individual and combined effect of inorganic and organic fertilizations and Si application on barley plant irrigated by saline water under sandy soil conditions as well as sandy soil chemical properties and its content of available macro- and micronutrients and silicon .
The Experiment
Surface soil sample (0-20) cm representing sandy soil was collected from a private farm at 60 km North Cairo and far about one km east of Cairo - Alexandria Desert high away. The collected soil sample was air dried , ground , good mixed and sieved through a 2 mm sieve. Some physical and chemical properties and its content of available nutrients and silicon of this soil were determined.
The used organic manure ( FYM) was obtained from the animal breeding farm , Faculty of Agriculture , Menoufia University , Shibin El- Kom , Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. This organic manures were chemically analyzed.
A 168 plastic pots with 25 cm inter diameter and 20 cm depth were used in This experiment . Five kg of the sieved sandy soil was put in each pot . The used pots were divided into two main group ( 84 pots/ group ). The soil in the first main group no received FYM but the second one treated by FYM at rate of 3% (150g / pot) . Before planting ,the treatments
of FYM and P were carried out and good mixed with the petted sandy soil. The pots of each main group were divided into 14 sub group ( 6 pot / sub group ) .These sub groups represent 14 treatment which may be listed as follows: Without mineral treatment ,treatment of nitrogen (N) fertilizer ,treatment of phosphorus (P) fertilizer ,foliar treatment of potassium (K) and silicon mixture (F1), foliar treatment of iron (Fe) zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) mixture ( F2), treatment of N+P, treatment of N+F1, treatment of N+F2 , treatment P+F1, treatment P+F2, treatment F1+F2, treatment N+P+F1,treatment N+P+F2 and treatment N+P+F1+F2.
Each treatment was carried out in 6 replicates.Ten seeds of barley plants were sowed in each pot ( Hordeum Vulgare L) at 13 November 2015 in depth of 1 cm. All pots were irrigated by the studied saline water at 60% of WHC and repeated every three days. The studied saline water was chemically analyzed. After 42 days of sowing , the plants of three replicates of each treatment were harvest above the soil surface . The plants in the other three replicates of each treatment were harvested after 70 days of sowing. Directly, the harvested plants of each pot were divided into roots and shoots which harvested after 70 day , air dried , oven– dried at 70o for 48hrs , weighted to obtain the dry matter yield , ground and kept for chemical determinations. After plant harvesting , soil sample of each experimental unit was taken , air –dried , ground , sieved through a 2mm sieve and kept for some chemical properties and the content of available macro- and micronutrients and silicon.
- The obtained results of the experiment could be summarized as follows :-
B-Effect of inorganic and organic application on soil chemical properties:- SUMMARY
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-Soil EC values in the soil treated by organic application were higher than that recorded with the initial soil before sowing . On the other hand soil EC ( dSm-1 ) was decreased as a result of inorganic application solely , where the rates of these decreases were varied from inorganic applications to another according to its chemical composition. According to the decrease effects of the studied inorganic application solely and combined with FYM applications , the studied inorganic applications take the following order : treatment number 14 < 12 < 4<11 < 7 < 9 < 10 < 13 < 8 <5 < 6 < 3 < 2 <1 as individual and combined applications.
- Soil pH was decreased with FYM application solely and in combined with inorganic applications at ages 42 and 70 days compared with the control treatment ( without organic applications ). According to the found decreases of soil pH , the studied treatments of inorganic applications either solely or in combination with FYM take the following order, treatment number 14 < 12 < 4 <11 < 7< 9 < 10 < 13 < 8 <5 < 6 < 3 < 2 <1 as individual and combined applications.
- The soil content (g kg-1) of OM values were increased as a result of applying treatments , where the highest value of organic matter (g kg-1) was found in the soil received FYM in combination with inorganic applications followed by those received the individual application of FYM. So , RC (%) soil content of OM values were positive and varied from old age to another , where these values at age 42 days were lower than those found at 70 days old. According to the found increases in the soil applications the values take the following order : treatment number 14 > 12 > 13 > 9 >7 > 11 > 4 >6 > 3 >8 > 10 > 2 >5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
- Soil CEC (cmol / kg) and its relative change (RC %) were increased with addition organic manure . So , RC (%) values of soil CEC were positive with different applications of FYM solely and combined with inorganic additives at both ages 42 and 70 days, but these values were more positive at age 70 days compared with those found at age 42 days. The data show little increase resulted from inorganic applications solely on soil CEC as show in calculated values of RC (%) as a function of inorganic applications. According to the increase values of the studied treatments , these treatments take the following order : Treatment number 14 > 12 > 13 > 9 >7 > 11 > 4 > 6 > 3 >8 > 10 > 2 >5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
- Soil content (g kg-1) of CaCO3 decreased with addition organic manure and the lowest content(g kg-1) of CaCO3 values were associated application of FYM solely or in combination with inorganic application compared with both control treatment ( without any inorganic application ) and initial used soil under study. With all treatments of inorganic applications , soil contents of CaCO3 decreased at both ages 42 and 70 days . So , RC (%) values of soil content of CaCO3 were negative with wide range. The values resulted from the treatments of inorganic applications take the following order : treatment number 14 < 12 < 13 < 9 <7< 11 < 4< 6 < 3 <8 < 10 < 2 <5 < 1 as individual and combined applications.
C-Effect of inorganic and organic applications on soil content of available macro- and micronutrients:-
- soil content (mg/kg) of available N in the soil increased as a result of inorganic and organic applications , where the highest contents values were found with the combined treatments of inorganic applications with
organic fertilizer. Based on the found increases of soil content of available N, the studied inorganic treatments take the following order : treatment number 14 > 12 > 13 > 6 > 7 > 8 > 2 > 9 > 10 > 3 > 11> 4 > 5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
- soil content (mg/kg) of available P in the soil increased as a result of inorganic and organic applications , where the highest contents values were found with the combined treatments of inorganic applications with organic fertilizer . Based on the found increases of soil content of available P, the studied inorganic treatments take the following order : treatment number 14> 12 > 13 > 6 > 9 > 10 > 3 > 7 > 8 > 11 >2 >4 > 5 > 1 individual and combined applications.
-soil content (mg/kg) of available K in the soil increased as a result of inorganic and organic applications , where the highest contents were found with the combined treatments of inorganic applications with organic fertilizer . Based on the found increases of soil content of available K , the studied inorganic treatments take the following order : treatment number 14> 12 > 7 > 9 > 11> 4> 6 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 2 > 3 > 5 > 1 individual and combined applications.
- soil content (mg/kg) of available Fe, Mn and Zn in the soil increased as a result of inorganic and organic applications , where the highest contents were found with the combined treatments of inorganic applications with organic fertilizer . Based on the found increases of soil content of available Fe , Mn and Zn , the studied inorganic treatments take the following order : treatment number 14> 12 > 7 > 9 > 11> 4> 6 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 2 > 3 > 5 > 1 individual and combined applications.
- soil content (mg/kg) of available Si in the soil increased as a result of inorganic and organic applications , where the highest contents were found with the combined treatments of inorganic applications with organic fertilizer . Based on the found increases of soil content of available Si , the studied inorganic treatments take the following order : treatment number 14> 12 > 7 > 9 > 11> 4> 6 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 2 > 3 > 5 > 1 individual and combined applications.
The effect of inorganic and organic fertilizations on barley plant dry mater yield and its content of macro- and micronutrients and Si :-
Dry matter yield of barley plants increased as a results of inorganic and organic applications and the highest value were with combined treatments of inorganic and organic fertilizers which obtained with treatment number 14 ( N , P , foliar application ’’ Si and K” and foliar application ” Fe , Zn and Mn” ) followed by 12 ( N ,P and foliar application ” Si and K” ) > 13 ( N , P and foliar application ”Fe , Zn and Mn” ) > 6 ( N and P ) > 7 ( N and foliar application ” Si and K” ) > 8 ( N and foliar application ” Fe , Zn and Mn ” ) > 2 ( N) > 9 ( P and foliar application ” Si and K” ) > 10 ( P and foliar application ” Fe , Zn and Mn” > 3 ( P ) > 11( foliar application ” Si and K” and foliar application ” Fe , Zn and Mn” ) > 4 ( foliar application ” Si and K” ) > 5 ( foliar ” Fe , Zn and Mn ” ) > 1 (Without mineral treatment). This order was in similar with both individual and combined inorganic and organic applications
- Barley plant content of N increased with the different inorganic and organic applications and the highest value found with the combined treatments of inorganic and organic applications . According to the found increase in N content , the studied treatments take the following order :
treatment number 14 > 12 > 13 > 6 > 7 > 8 > 2 > 9 > 10 > 3 > 11> 4 > 5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
- Barley plant content of P increased with the different inorganic and organic applications and the highest value was found with the combined treatments of inorganic and organic applications . According to the found increase in P content , the studied treatments take the following order : treatment number 14> 12 > 13 > 6 > 9 > 10 > 3 > 7 > 8 > 11 >2 >4 > 5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
-Barley plant content of K increased with the different inorganic and organic applications and the highest value was found with the combined treatments of inorganic and organic applications . According to the found increase in K content , the studied treatments take the following order : treatment number14> 12 > 7 > 9 > 11> 4> 6 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 2 > 3 > 5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.
- Barley plant content of Fe , Mn and Zn increased with the different inorganic and organic applications and the highest value was found with the combined treatments of inorganic and organic applications . According to the found increases in Fe , Mn and Zn content , the studied treatments take the following order : treatment number14 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 11> 5 > 12 > 7 > 9 > 6 > 2 > 3 >4>1 as individual and combined applications.
- Barley plant content of Si increased with the different inorganic and organic applications and the highest value was found with the combined treatment of inorganic and organic applications . According to the found increase in Si content , the studied treatments takes the order : treatment number14 > 12 > 7 > 9 > 11> 4 > 6 > 13 > 8 > 10 > 2 > 3 > 5 > 1 as individual and combined applications.