الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are numerous factors involved in the elaboration of hypertonic urine. In this respect, the nature of the environment contribute in renal concentrating ability. The renal anatomical adaptations of desert mammals has received intensive study and focused on rodents inhabiting desert. The present study was carried out to reveal the different renal anatomical and functional adaptations of desert inhabiting lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), semi desert inhabiting (Gerbillus gerbillus) and mesic inhabiting house rat (Rattus rattus). In conclusion, the present study registered the highly urine concentrating ability of desert rodents. The mechanisms of urine concentrating ability may be represented through; increased relative medullary thickness in arid and semi arid rodents compared to non-desert animals, or high serum, urine and renal contents of sodium and potassium as well as high levels of the hormones responsible for electrolytes and water homeostasis, ADH or mineralocorticoide (ALD), and finally, the complexity of medullary structures.