الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The reduction in local feed stuff recourses is considered as the main constrains for improving and developing animal production in Egypt. The gap between the available feeds and animals requirements was about 6 million tans in term of concentrate feeds and as a shortage of 4.8 million tons of TDN year (El-Ashry2007).The high cost of concentrate feed mixture and clover hays, and unavailability of fresh Egyptian berssem (Irifolium alexandrinum) during summer seasons are the major problems confront the development of livestock. Therefore many projects to produce forages have been established during the last two decades to cover some green forage needs in these countries. Hydroponic technique can be used for green fodder production of many forage crops. It is a well-known technique for high fodder yield, year round production and least water consumption. However, there are some arguments about sprouting grains for convenience of green forage production in hydroponic system to compensate the feed resources for animals, (Rajendra et al., 1998 and Tudor et al., 2003) because the dry matter intake of green fodder by feed lot animals were low due to its high moister content and there is a loss of approximately 12% of the total dry matter in sawing grains as well as the high production cost. Therefore it is believed that inclusion of some agricultural by-products to replace a part of diet for animals become an obligation (El-Tahan et al., 2013).
In this study the objectives of using agricultural by-products rice and wheat straw media for green fodder production of barley and faba bean were to decrease the hydroponic production problems by decreasing the fodder product moister content and cost with increasing the product dry matter content.
The obtained data were summarized as follow:
1- The percentage of loss in barley and faba bean seedling dry weight grown in rice straw medium was 11.1-12.1% while in wheat medium recorded about 9.4 and 20.4% respectively.
2- Concerning the expected fodder dry weight (kg/kg seeds) and (kg/m2), the data showed that one kilogram of dry barley and one square meter can produce about 3.51 – 1.83 kg / kg seeds and 21 – 27.2 kg /m2 of dry barely and faba bean sprout fodder, respectively, in wheat straw medium in 7 days with significant increase than rice straw medium in dry faba bean fodder and significantly decreased than rice straw medium in barley dry fodder.
3- Percentage of both sprouts barley and faba bean in dry fodder yield increase significantly with using rice straw medium compared with using wheat straw medium. Seeding density of 50 to 100% increased percentage of barley and faba bean sprouts in dry fodder yield more than 18% in both rice and wheat growing media for barley and more than 30% for faba bean.
4- The percentage of loss in barley and faba bean fodder dry yield grown in rice straw medium was 18.8 - 21.62% while in wheat medium recorded about 17.4 - 23.1% respectively. Recommended that barley sprouts fodder is preferable than faba bean sprouts fodder.
5- Expected fodder fresh and dry yield per unit area (kg/m2), percentage loss in seedling dry weight of barley and faba bean increased with increasing seeding density.
6- Higher fodder fresh yield (kg/m2) and percentage of seedling in fresh and dry fodder were obtain with 100% seeding density in rice straw medium while the lower result were obtained with 25% seeding density in wheat straw medium for both barley and faba bean .
7-Total protein, lipid carbohydrates and total energy increased in barely and faba bean sprout dry media with increasing barely or faba bean seed density on the medium, while fiber and ash content increased with decreasing seed density. However protein and ash content increased in row rice straw medium than row wheat straw medium. Opposite results was obtained with lipid, carbohydrate, fiber content and total energy.
8- The total protein contend and total energy in higher barley seeding density (100%) fodder showed little decrement compared with dry row barley grains by about 2-8% and 13.1% respectively using rice straw medium and 2.8% and 24.8% respectively using wheat straw medium. On the other hand total protein in higher faba bean seeding density (100%) fodder showed higher decrement compared with dry faba bean seeds by about 23.7% using rice straw medium and 21.2% using wheat straw medium.
9- The NDF, ADF, ADL and Cellules decreased with increasing seeding density of barley and faba bean when cultivated on wheat and rice straw media. The highest improvement was noticed with higher seeding density (100%) and data was more pronounced with rice straw medium as compared with wheat straw medium, whereas the lowest improved in NDF, ADF and ADL was noticed at 25% seed density when barely grains and faba bean seed sowing on wheat straw than in rice straw medium.
10- The NDF,ADF,ADL and cellules decreased in all seeding density as compared with row rice and wheat straw while its increased as compared with dry seeds and hydroponic for both barley and faba bean. There for the row straw fiber fraction in proved when used as growing medium for seed sprouts production as green fodder.
11-Relative feed value (RFV) index increased with increasing seeding density. Data was more pronounced using rice straw medium compared with wheat straw medium. Moreover 100% seeding density grown on rice straw recorded RFV index close to RFV index of corn silage.
12- The cost per ton (DM and TDN) increased parallel to increasing barley and faba bean seeding density. Barley sprouts with 100% seeding density grown on rice straw provides DM and TDN at a cost close less than to alfalfa per ton and higher than corn silage cost while it is less than hydroponic barley, However except for protein cost in alfalfa recorded the lower cost (L.E 9804/ton).
13- In comparing with corn silage only barley sprouts grown on rice straw medium at lower seeding density are most economical sources of DM and TDN, while in case of faba bean sprouts no economic observed at all seeding density on rice straw medium.
14- Compared to alfalfa only barley sprouts grown on rice straw and lower seeding density on wheat straw are economical source of DM and TDN with no economic of CP.
Finally, the fresh green feed barley sprout grown especially on rice straw medium allows obtaining a good quality fresh forge all year around. It is recommended 50 -75% barley grain density grown on rice straw media for its economical of DM and TDN than hydroponic barley and alfalfa in addition to its advantage on saving agriculture lands since it can grow on roofs in smaller area about 1:150 compared to corn silage and 1: >300 compared to alfalfa. Also for its less water consumption and higher quality nutrient green juce for animal. In addition using barley sprout grown on rice straw in animals diets can be one of the alternative solutions to environmental problems.