الفهرس 
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Abstract
disorders in dairy cows causing high economic losses due to prolonged days open and prolonged intercalving intervals, resulting in involuntary culling. Uterine function is often compromised in cattle by bacterial contamination of the uterine
lumen after parturition; pathogenic bacteria frequently persist, causing uterine diseas. The development of uterine disease depends on the immune response of the cow as well as the species and number of bacteria.
A total of 100 Holstein Frisian cows were used to
determine the most susceptible m.os that are responsible for endometritis and to find the most sensitive antibiotic that killing the bacteria and subseqentially decrease the intercalving interval
and improve the pregnancy rate.
The cows in farm were routinely gynacologically examined at 30 dats interval. Cows found not pregnant after 90-120 days from the last calving were examined rectaly as will as vaginal examination. Sampling for bacteriological examination was performed immediately after clinical examination. Cows were classified into two groups. The first group included animals (9 cows) considered normal or apparently normal (may has
subclinical endoetritis) and served as a control. However the 101 second group (91 cows) and diagnosed as had endometritis and served as treated group. For each cow, a transcervical guarded swab was collected from the uterine body. Swabs were processed for bacteriological examination as it cultured within 1 h of collection. All isolates were tested for the in vitro antibiotic
sensitivity.
Cows with clinical endometritis were subjected to the treatment regimen using the most sensitive antibiotic to the causative m.os (cefoprazone 4 gm) as intrauterine route and cefoprazone 4 gm intramuscular every 24 hours for 5 days. Each cow was reexamined 14 d after treatment. Clinical cure initially was defined as the absence of any pus discharge at follow up examination. After termination of the treatment protocol all cow followed the normal herd reproduction management practice in the bedding period.
Different species of bacteria isolated from uterine samples (Staph, Strept, E.coli and Klebsella). The infection is either single infection (Staph only) (7 cows) or mixed infection (84 cows) while the control group has no bacterial growth (9 animals). It was found that the incidence of the mixed infection is higher than that of the single infection. Staph was the only M.os which cause single infection while the other M.os were usually mixed. Mixed infection was classified into: mixed
infection with 2 M.os, mixed infection with 3 M.os and mixed infection with 4 M.os. infection with Staph and E.coil is the 102 higher incidence in the infection with 2 M.os (33 %), (30 animal ) while the infection with Strept and Klebsella is the least in icidence in infection with 2 M.os (only one animal).
The character of the Secretion varies according to bacterial infection as turbidity varies according to the type of M.os as it is low in case of infection with Staph in cobination with other
M.os and moderate in the infection with the Strept in combination with E.coli and reach its maximum range in the infection of E.coli in cobination with Klebsella or in the infection with 3 M.os or the 4 M.os. The days open to pregnancy increase as the
bacterial infection increase either in number of bacterial infection of the M.os cause the infection. Pregnancy rate
increase or decrease depending on the type of the bacterial infection as it increase in infection with 4 M.os while it decrease in infection with 2 M.os which indicate the effect of the type of the M.os (virulence of the infection).
The present study revealed that more number and
severity of the M.os infection the more severity of uterine inflammation and the longest PP period to pregnancy and that noticed in the cows that were infected by mixed infection (4 M.os or 3 M.os) have the longest PP period to pregnancy and this is due to the high ratio of the M .os infection or due to the high virulence of the M.os or both which cause the maximum inflammation of the uterus of the infected cow (the hights values of secretion turbidity, congested mucous membrane, inflamed
103 uterine horn and thichned cevix). Cows that were infected by (E.coli + Klebsella) also have the longest PP period to pregnancy although the infection occur by 2 M.os only and this is due to the high virulence of the infected M.os that cause sever inflammation lead to prolongation of the PP period to pregnancy and sudsequent subfirtility