الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work aimed to study retention of the
placenta in the Egyptian cattle and buffaloes to its incidence, causes, treatment and post treatment fert-
ility. An attempt was made to know the incidence of ret-ention of placenta and its relation to dystocia, seas-onal variations. Number of previous calving , sex of the calf and breed of the mother. For this purpose data was collected to a total numler of 555 friesian cows, 27 Girsey cows , 42 native breed cows and 71 buffaloes in 2 different local farms in Assiut province. Serum analysis of 15 cows and 15 buffaloes with retained placenta and anothers which were normally expelled their placenta to study the biochemical chan-ges that may accompany this disorder. Serum was estim-
ated for calcium, Iorganic phosphorus, Estradiol 17 B, Carotene and Vitamin A. To choose the best adopted meth-od of treatment for retained placenta, five trails were performed on a total number of 62 cows and 23 buffaloes. The obtained results can be summerised as follows: A- Incidence of retained placent: During two years period (1985-1986) out of 473 calving s in 31-Hammam friesian dairy farm 107 births were followed by retention of the after birth. The - incidence was 22.62% but this reached 32.9% in Faculty of Agriculture dairy farm. With regard to the incidence
of retained placenta in buffaloes out of 71 calvings
studied 16 of them retained their placenta with an incidence of 22.5%. Out of 77 dystocia cases in cattle 28 of them accompanied by retention of placenta with an incidence of 36.3% in cattle. The highest incidence of retained foetal membranes was recorded in Autumn (25% in 1985 and 29.2% in 1986) and the lowest incidence was during spring (21.25% in 1985 and 17.5% in 1986). The same results obtained in buffaloes were 29.16% in Autumn and 17.24% in spring. Delivery of male calves were found to be accompanied with higher incidence (55.5% and 60%) than that accompanied female delivery (44.5 and 40%) in Friesian and Girsey cattle respectively. The incidence of retained placenta following delivery of twining(33.33%) is higher than that following delivery of single births(22.79A). Out of 75 primipara animals 19 of them retained their placentae with an incidence of 25.3%.However, out of 183 multipara animals 39 showed retention of the after brith with an incidence of 21.3%. Friesian cattle is more susceptible to retention
of the placenta than Girsey and native breeds (32.9% , 18.51% and 19.04% respectively). As regard to serum analysis animals that retained their placentae showed a lower calcium value than those spontaneously expelled their membranes. This decrease in calcium value is more clear in buffaloes with retained placentae than them in cows suffering from this disease. A non significant decrease in value of Inorganic phos-phorus was determined in serum of cases retained their placenta than those normally expelled their placentae. A non significant decrease in the level of serum 17 B estradiol in case of retained placentae than non retained group. A DROP of serum carotene and vitamin A level was found accompanied cases of retained plac-entae with regard to the best method for treatment it is found that the best one depended upon manual inter- ference with applying sulfonamide preparations intra- uterine. It is suggested that the time for manualinterference was considered not to be earlier than 24 hours after del- ivery of the calf. If the placenta is difficult to be detached at this time we must wait for the next day untill the placenta easily to be removed manually. Oxytocin treatment was confined as a treatment but applied just after parturition and not later than 24 hours post partum.