الفهرس 
المقدمهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
This section includes a summary of the proceedings of research and the most important conclusions and recommendations reached by statistical analysis of data.
SUMMARY
The economic importance of Horticultural Crops has increasedin the Egyptian Agriculture in the recent period. The promotion of these crops is considered one of important the pillars in the contemporary Egyptian agricultural policy. For that we had to resort to the application of agricultural intensification technology by applying protected cultivating plastic tunnels and cultivation over the surfaces is imposed by several resrrictions, the scarcity of land and water resources, low feddan productivity in addition to increase of domestic demand for food as a result of the rapid growth in population as well as seasonality of. production, and harvesting, primarily associated with climate and oplimum export periods which characterized by a low of competition in foreign markets.
The research aims mainly to the study of the economics of modern agriculture patterns for some vegetable crops, by identifying the most efficient use of the resources of agricultural
Summary
production, or in other words, through studying of the economic feasibility of the modern agriculture, patterns, which includes protected cultivation under greenhouses and plastic tunnels in addition to agriculture over the surfaces. Through the study of economic efficiency of agricultural resources used in the production of these modern patterns, and estimate elasticities of production and production costs for vegetable crops under study, with determining the optimum rate of output which minimize the per-unit cost of production, the optimum size that maximizes the profits of producers, thecombination of resources that maximizes economic efficiency, and deriving general indicators and quantitative criteria of economic efficiency for vegetable crops under study for each of the protected cultivation and agriculture over the surfaces.
The Inductive and deductive approafes are used in this study. Linear functims have been estimated of some efficiency indicators have been estimated such as the return on investred pound, net revenues, the ratio of revenue to costs. production functions and cost functions have been estimated. The optimum rate of output of output of studied crops have been estimated under different types of modern cultivation.
The data were obtained through the necessary statistical design of a questionnaire (survey), especially for a field study. Data questionnaire has been collected for each type through personal interview during the period from May until October of 2004/2005 and studied crops (cucumber-tomato- greenpepper-cantaloupe- lettuce), distributed at three governorates, Qalioubia, Cairo and Giza.
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The study has an introduction and five major sections. The introduction included the problem, The objectives, the methodology, and data sources. As explained statistical estimation of the production cost function for cucmber, under greenhouses sample has not yet reached the level that maximizes profit nor to the level that would minimize the cost per ton, and it is still in the uneconomic region under plastic tunnels. The production of tomato under greenhouses as well as under plastic tunnels is in the first non-economic phase. Tomato is produced in the economic phase in the cultivation over surfaces. They also show that the production of green pepper is still in the first stage, non-economic in each of cultivation under greenhouses and over surfaces. For cantaloupe, it was clear that production is still in the first non-economic phase under Plastic tunnels. The production of lettuce crop surfaces are in the first uneconomic stage.
The study of the impact of modern cultivation on the inputs and outputs of studied vegetable crops, it was possible to reach some important results for the patterns of modern cultivation. Perhaps the most important results are:
1- Cucumber productivity per square meter at Qaliobia governorate is less than Giza Governorate. Tomato productivity per square meter is higher than Giz governorate. While the average productivity per square meter of green pepper at Governorate green houses is higher than Qaliubia governorate.
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2-The Cucumber productivity per square meter at Qaliubia governorate plastic tunnels is higher than Giza Governorate. While the average productivity per square meter of the tomato under plastic tunnels at Qaliubia governorate is less than Giza Governorate. The productivity per square meter of Cantaloupe in Giza governorate is higher than Qaliubia governorate.
3-The lettuce productivity per square meter in over surfaces sestem using pipes i s higher than other systems. Tomato productivity per square meter cultivation system of pipes is higher than desks system. While the average productivity per square meter for green pepper under Desks system amounted to about 49.68 kilograms.
4-Cucumber total production costs per square meter at greenhouses Qaliubia governorate crop option amounted to about 11.90 pounds, while in greenhouses in Giza Governorate amounted to about 12.99 pounds. lEt also found that Tomato total production costs per square meter at greenhouses in Qaliubia governorate amounted to about 12.98 pounds, while at greenhouses Giza governorate of the same amounted to about 7.78 pounds. While green pepper total cost of production per square meter at greenhouses in Qaliubia governorate amounted to about 12.67 pounds, while the average total cost per square meter at greenhouses Giza governorate of the same crop amounted to about JE 12.71.
5-Cucumber total production costs per square meter under plastic tunnels system in Qaliubia governorate amounted to 2.22 pounds and in Giza governorate of the same crop
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amounted to 2.18 pounds. Tomato total production costs per square meter under plastic tunnels in Qaliubia governorate amounted to 2.50 pounds, while in Giza governorate of the same crop amounted to 2.38 pounds. Cantaloupe total cost of production per square meter under plastic tunnels in Qaliubia governorate amounted to 2.71 pounds, while in Giza governorate of the same crop amounted to 2.47 pounds.
6-Lettuce total production costs per square meter in the cultivation over surfaces using Desks amounted to 31.60 pounds, while the average total cost per square meter using the deep water system of the same crop is about £ 26.18. While the average total cost per square meter system using pipes from the same crop amounted to 29.39 pounds. While Tomato total production costs per square meter in the cultivation of surfaces using Desks amounted to 32.37 pounds, while the average total cost per square meter system using pipes to the same crop is about £ 28.40. It also found that green pepper average total cost of production per square meter in the cultivation of surfaces using Desks System amounted to 28.11 pounds.
7-Cucumber total production costs per square meter at the level of sample at greenhouses and plastic tunnels amounted to about 12.44, 2.20 pounds respectively, which indicates that the average total cost in the cultivation of greenhouses for agricultural crop option while declining in plastin tunnels. It also shows that Tomato total production costs per square meter at the level of sample at greenhouses, at plastic tunnels and agricultural cultivation surfaces amounted to 10.38, 2.44,
Summary -5-
30.58 pounds respectively, which indicates that the average total cost in the cultivation of tomato over surfaces is the highest, followed by greenhouses system while the lowest in plastic tunnels. While Cucumber average total production costs per square meter at the level of sample at greenhouses and plastic tunnels amounted to 12.69, 26.33 pounds respectively, which indicates that the average total cost in the over surfaces option is higher than under green houses.
8-The return on invested pound achieved the highest value under the plastic tunnels system for both Cucumber and Tomato crops in a comparison of Agriculture under greenhouses and over surfaces As for the green pepper crop has achieved the highest value of the return on invested pound cultivation over surfaces system compared to agriculture under greenhouses system.
9-The ratio of net revenues to the overall cost per square meter of Cucumber under greenhouses and plastic tunnels amounted to about 0.73, 2.23 pounds, respectively. This showed that the cultivation of greenhouses have less value than over surfaces. The added value amounted to about 12.34, 9.65 for greenhouses and plastic tunnels, respectively. It also found that ratio of net revenues to the total cost of each square meter of greenhouses, plastic tunnels and over surfaces of the tomato crop reached 0.33, 2.83, 0.09 pounds per square meter, respectively. It is thus clear that tunnels has reached the maximum value, while over surfaces achieved the lowest value cultivation surfaces. The added value approximately 5.49, 15. [6, 74.15 under greenhouses, tunnels N