الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Repeat breeding itself has a wide definition as it may include all the problems which affect the reproductive capacity of the animal. The current definition of typical repeat breeding (RB) refers to the animal that does not conceive after three or more consecutive inseminations, despite, it comes normally in heat and shows clear estrous signs with no clinical detectable reproductive disorders (Amiridis et al., 2009 and Yusuf et al. 2010). Repeat breeding in cattle constitutes the main infertility problem in Egypt (El-Sawaf and Shalaby 1977 and Awad et al., 1977).
Bulman and Lamming (1978) reported that the incidence of repeat breeding dairy cows was 8.9% in UK.
Serur et al. (1981) reported that repeat breeding phenomena constituted 50.09% and 46% from infertility problems in cows and heifers respectively in Egypt.
Naidu and Rao (1981) recorded an overall incidence of 6.80% repeat breeders in their studies of 1,500 cross-bred heifers and cows with no significant difference between cows and heifers in Mdhra Pradesh–Indian.
Kaikini et al (1983) reported an overall incidence of 36.50% reproductive disorders, of which repeat breeding accounted for maximum of 21.98% in Indian cross-bred cows.
Ayalon, (1984) reported that the incidence of repeat breeders in dairy cows ranged from 10 to 18% in various North America states.
Maurer and Echternkamp (1985) found a higher prevalence of repeat breeder syndrome in heifers (15.1%) than that in multiparous females (8.3%) for beef cattle in USA.
Bartlett et al. (1986) identified repeat breeders in 24% of 3309 lactations in 22-herd of dairy cows in Michigan.
Gustafsson and Emanuelson (2002) reported that the incidence of repeat breeders was 10% in the Swedish dairy cow population.
Kendall et al. (2009) indicated that the incidence of repeat breeder cows from a database compiled in the late 1990s (34.3%) was similar to that observed in their field study (33.6%) on Holstein Friesian dairy cows within UK maintained on commercial farms under commercial conditions.
Ahmed et al. (2010) revealed that the incidence of clinical repeat breeding (RB) was 4.34 % of the examined 1358 buffalo cows randomly selected from small-scale holders in a field survey at Sharkia governorate, Egypt during 2008-2010. They added that typical repeat breeders represented 7.25 % of total reproductive disorders in female buffaloes.
Yusuf et al. (2010) found that the average incidence of repeat breeding in Holstein Friesian cows was 14%, ranging from 5 to 24% among nine herds of in Japan.