الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The e~~icient use and speci~ic ~ue1 consumption of
I.C.E’S represent one o~ the most important problems ~acing the
operator and the mechanical engineer •. These depend basicly on
the optimum per~ormance of the engine, which may be considered
satis~actory i~ [2,17J
The exhau.s;t smoke is ~’ot excessive.
There are no breakdowns caused by the failure o~ components
in service •.
Durability. i.e. maximum practical running time between two
successive overhauls-and parts replacements-is as long as
possible.
The WEAR RATE is su~~iciently low.
- Adhesive-, corrosive-. and Abrasive wear are the most
commenly types o~ wear met with in I.C.E’S. The abrasive wear
i~ the most decisive ~actor in determining the li~e of l.e.E’S
[11J, and is directly connected to the problems of engine filt-
ration. There~oret the identical engines have dif~erent life-
time depending on whether these engines are used in the desert,
in agriculture area, in the city or in high ways [5,16J. There
is only one way to diminish the abrasive wear caused by the
contaminants and wear particles; it is the FILTRATION which
serves ~or reducing the quantities o~ contaminants getting into
the system from the environment and for removing particles from
the lubricating oil [3J. By setting practically dirt-~ree air
,