الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 140 |  |  |
| | | from | 140 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY
EFFECT OF SOURCES AND LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND
PHOSPHORUS ON YIELD AND MICRO - NUTRIENTS
CONTENT OF WHEAT PLANTS.
Two field experiments were performed at the experimental
Research Center of Moshtohor Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig
University (Banha Branch), during 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 winter
seasons to investigate the effect of sources and levels of nitrogen,
phosphorus on yield and Micro- nutrients content of wheat plants. The
soil was clay in texture; alluvial with a PH value of 8.17 % and 2.3%
orgamc matter. The preceding summer crop was cotton in both
seasons . Wheat variety Sakha 69”was sown on 3th and 6th December
in the first and second seasons, respectively . Phosphorus fertilizer
was applied with sowing, while nitrogen fertilizer applied after
4Sdays from sowing. The experimental design was a strip-plot with
four replications. .
The experimental treatments
A- Sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizer
1- un fertilized treatment (control)
2- 30 kg N/fed Ca(No3n
3- 30 kg N/fed (N1I4)2 S04
4-30 kg N/fed urea
5- 60 kg N/fed Ca(No3n
6- 60 kg N/fed (NH4h S04
120
7-60 kg N/fed Urea
B-Sources and levels of phosphorus fertilizer
1-un fertilized treatment
2- 16 kg P20s/fed
3- 16 kg P20s/fed
4- 32 kg P20s/fed
Super phosphate
Triple phosphate
super phosphate
Triple phosphate
Data for the following trails were recorded
1- Growth characters : taken three samples(l/16 m
2
)at 75, 105
days from sowing and at harvest, we recorded, no . of tillers
1m2 , dry weight of leaves 1m2 , dry weight of tillers/m’ , no. of
spikes/m’at 105 days from sowing, dry weight of spikes
Im2,percentages ofN,P, K, Ca , Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu in leaves
and tillers at 7S and 105 days from sowing were determined.
Il- At Harvest :Plant height no. of stems/m2
, no. of spikes 1m
2
,
spike length and weight of spike, weight of grains Ispike, 1000
grains weight, grains straw and biological yields Ifed , Harvest
index %.
ill- Chemical analysis
Grains content from N,P,K,C~ Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest.
Leaves content from N,P,K,C~ Mg,Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest.
Stem content from N,P,K,c~g,Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest.
121
The results could be summarized as following:
I~growthcharacters:
1- Plant height, nitrogen treatments increased plants height significantly
compared with control treatment.
2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen increased significantly no.
of tillers at 75, 105 days from sowing, but phosphate fertilizer and
the interaction had non significant effect on the no. of tillers 1m
2
in
the two seasons (combined analysis.
3- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increase
significantly in dry weight of leaves compared with control. The
best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as Urea, but phosphorus fertilizers
was non significant effect on dry weight of leaves at 75 and 105
days from sowing and at harvest.
4- Sources and levels increased significantly dry weight of tillers 1m
2
by applying sources and leaves of nitrogen at different stages
compared with the control. The best treatments were 30 kg N/fed
as calcium nitrate and 60 kg N/fed as Urea. Phosphorus fertilizer
had significant effect on the first stage at 75 days from sowing
which increased the dry weight of tillers 1m2
, the best treatment
was 16 KgP20s/fed as Triple phosphate , Also it is the best
treatment in the second stage at 105 days from sowing to increase
the dry. weight of tillers.
5- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increased
significantly the number of spikes 1m2 at 105 days from sowing
compared with control, the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed of Urea
122
or ammonium sulphate The interaction between nitrogen and
phosphorus fertilizers significantly affect No. of spikes/m’’. The
best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as Urea + 16 kg/fed as Triple
superphosphate.
6- Dry weight of spikes 1m2 increased significantly by applying
sources and levels of nitrogen at 105 days from sowing and at
harvest. the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate.
Also the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
affect in significantly dry weight of spikes/m’ at 105 days
increased dry weight of spikes 1m2
. The best treatment was 60 kg
N/fed as ammonium sulfate +16 kg P20s/fed as Triple phosphate .
II Yield Components:
1- Spike length increased significantly by applying sources and levels
of nitrogen fertilizer compared with control, the best treatment
were 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate followed by 30 kg N/fed as
calcium nitrate. But phosphorus fertilizer and the interaction
between nitrogen X phosphorous had non significant effect on
spike length.
2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increase
significantly No. of stems 1m2 compared the control, 60 kg N/fed
as Urea surpassed all treatments, also 60 kg N/fed as ammonium
sulfate. phosphate fertilizer and the interaction increased number
of stems/m’ but did not reach the significance of 5% level.
3- Number of spikes 1m2 increased significantly by applying sources
and levels of nitrogen fertilizer ,the best treatment which gave a
123
large number of spikes/m’ was 60 kg N/fed as Urea followed by
ammonium sulfate treatment . Phosphorus fertilizer had non
significant effect on number of spikes.
4- Sources and levels of nitrogen affected and increased significantly
weight of spikes 1m2 compared with control, the best treatments
was 60 kg N/fed as Urea followed ammonium sulfate treatment
which increased weight of spikes/m’ by 22% , 21% , respectively.
Phosphorus fertilizer increased significantly weight of spikes 1m
2
and the best treatments 16, 32 kg P20Jfed as Triple phosphate,
5- Weight of grains Ispike increased significantly by applying sources
and levels of nitrogen compared with control treatment, the best
treatment surpassed 60kg N/fed as urea gaving the highest weight
of grains Ispike. Also phosphorus fertilizers increased significantly
weight of grains Ispike , the best treatment were 32, 16 kg P20y’fed
as Triple phosphate .
6- 1000 grains weight increased significantly by applying sources and
levels of nitrogen compared with control, the best treatments gave
highest 1000 grains weight was 60 kg N/fed as urea or ammonium
sulfate. Also phosphatic fertilizer affect significantly 1000 grains
weight , the best treatment was 16 kg P20s/fed as triple
superphosphate gave highest 1000 grains weight. The interaction
between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was significantly
affect 1000 grain weight, the best treatments were 60 kg N/fedas
urea + 16 kg P20s/fed as Triple phosphate .
III-Yield:
1~Applying sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizers caused to
increase significantly the grain yield ~the best treatments 60 and 30
kg N/fed as urea gave 2933.1 and 2880.4 kg/fed, respectively.
Phosphorus fertilization and interaction had non significantly
between NXP effect on grain Yield.
2- Straw yield affected significantly by applying sources and levels
of nitrogen compared with control ~the best treatment which gave
the highest straw yield was 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate or
urea. Phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased straw Yield but
not reaches the significance level and the best treatment was 32 kg
P20s/fed as Triple superphosphate . Also the interaction between
nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased straw yield but non
significant and the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed urea + 32 kg
P20s/fed as Triple phosphate .
3- The biological yield was affected with applying sources and levels
of nitrogen compared with control, the best treatment was 60 kg
N/fed as urea, Phosphorus fertilizer and the interaction between
nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were non significant .
4- Sources and levels of nitrogen significantly affected the Harvest
index %~the best treatment was 30 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate
or urea.
IV Chemical analysis
I-Applying sources and levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
and the interaction between them caused to affected significantly the
125
grams content of macro and micro- nutrients i.e: nitrogen, phosphorus
, potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, cooper.
2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen affected the plants content
from macro and micro -nutrients, the best source which increased
plant content was different at 75, 105 days stage and at harvest. At
75, 105 days stage the source of ammonium sulfate at 30 or 60 kg N
Ifed , but at harvest urea or ammonium sulfate 60 kg N Ifed were the
best sources and level to increase plants nutrients content.
3- Applying different sources and levels of phosphorus fertilizer
caused to increase macro nutrients N, p , Ca, Mg, but potassium
content was decreased . Also phosphorus fertilizer decreased plant
content from micro- nutrients Fe, Mn, Zn ,Cu.