الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The aim of efficient and effective irrigation management is to provide sufficient water to a growing crop to replenish soil water in time to avoid physiological water stress in the growing plants. Meeting this objective requires knowing when to irrigate and for how long or how much water to apply. Irrigation in excess of the storage capacity of the soil root zone can be an inefficient use of water and/or energy, and may lead to other serious problems. With the critical need to improve farm profitability while conserving soil and other resources, we need to be able to tailor irrigation to evapotranspiration water use within the constraints of the plant-soil-system.
Water is fast becoming an economically scarce resource in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semi arid regions. In Egypt, there are many plans for increasing cultivable land and agricultural production to overcome problems of the food security. However, water is an affecting factor in any agricultural expansion. Accordingly, it is advised to evaluate new possible approaches to control the irrigation requirements through modern irrigation systems and management techniques. The use of modern irrigation systems become very important to save water. The best system should give favorable crop yield, optimum use of water and minimum labor requirements. Estimating irrigation water requirements becomes important for project planning and irrigation management. The over irrigation practiced by the farmers usually leads to low irrigation efficiency, water logging and high losses of water and fertilizer. Consequently, the main problem in water management is the