الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A general survey of the literature dealing with the study of the
general properties of the petroleum crude oil and its constituents,
especially the heavy fractions and their compositions The survey also
~ncludes the different methods that deals with upgrading of the petroleum
heavy residues in order to get usefUl products
- The experimental part deals with the study of the chemical
compositions of two petroleum heavy residues, one delivered from
Alexandria Petroleum Refining Company, the other was delivered from
Suez Company for Petroleum Industry.
The two heavy residues were subjected to solvent extraction using
n-pentane, n-heptane and ethyl acetate. The process of solvent extraction
aims to separate Maltenes, asphaltenes.
The Maltenes were further subjected to liquid chromatography
(column Chromatograph) in order to separate them to saturates and
aromatic (Mon-, Di- and Poly-) and resin.
The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was applied to the aromatic
fraEtion to lmow how much mono-, di-, and poly aromatics are present in
the aromatic fraction.
Infrared spectroscopic technique was applied to study the two
vacuum residues, the Maltenes, asphaltenes and aromatics.
The saturates which were separated from the Maltenes of the two
vacuum residues with different solvents are studied by gas
chromatography in order to know how much they contain n-paraffins and
cyclo-paraffins.