الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hysteroscopy introduced in the 19th century, gained mpularity only in recent years due to improvement in nstruments and techniques. It has been embloyed sporadically or many years with limited acceptance. However, recent
-eports claiming more successful and diverse applications lave renewed an interest in the procedure. The instruments to )e considered are penoramic hysteroscopa, contact iysteroscope, microhysteroscope, and stearable hysteroscope.
Panoramic hysteroscope requires a distending medium ,o transfer the slit shaped uterine cavity into a hollow :avity and a light source to illuminate this cavity. Co2 gas, iextran 32% and low viscosity fluids as dextrose 5% are the lost commonly used media for uterine distension.
With contact hysteroscope no panormaic view is
)ossible because only surface in contact with tip of iysteroscope is visible. No distension of the uterine cavity is required and no other equipments are necessary.
Microhysteroscopy offers a combination of panoramic iysteroscopy, contact hysteroscopy, and microscopy. Multiple iagnifications are avaitable with this instrument. It can be iced for study of both vascular and cytologic pattern of the ,urfaces of the endocervical canal and the endometrial :avity after staining the tissues .
By the steerable or flexible hysterofibroscope the )perator can observe the cervical canal, the uterine cavity end the tubal ostia very easily in a comfortable position