الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
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This study was performed on fourty subjects to study the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases on the bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity. They were divided into two groups :
Group A contained thirty patients with C.O.P.D. Among this group there were :
1)21 cigarette smokers having C.O.P.D.
2)9 non-cigarette smokers having C,O.P.D.
Group B contained 10 normal non-smoker volunteers. All subjects with C.O.P.D. were submitted to :
1)Accurate history taking including the history of smo-king.
2)Clinical examination including general and local chest examination.
3)Routine investigations including plain X-ray chest, blood picture, urine and stool examination.
4)Ventilatory pulmonary function tests before and after bronchodilators.
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5) Arterial blood gases.
Also, the 10 apparently normal subjects were carefully chosen. They were clinically free and their chest X-ray were reported as normal.
B.A.L. was performed using the fiberoptic bronchoscope under local anaesthesia. The tip of the fiberoptic bronch-oscope was wedged into a segmental bronchus of the right middle lobe, and 100 ml. of 0.9% sterile saline was injec-ted. The fluid was immediately pulled back by suction. Foll-owing lavage, the volume of the fluid was immediately measu-red. The fluid was strained through a surgical gauze and exa-mined for total and individual cells. No complications were met during or after the procedure.
It was observed that there was no statistical difference between the B.A.L. cellularity in patients with C.O.P.D. whe-there they are smokers or non-smokers. The total cellular count in patients with C.O.P.D. was less than that in the control group.
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It was also found that P.N.L.s, which were rare cells in the lavage fluid of the healthy non-smokers, were much increased in the lavage fluid of patients with C.O.P.D. .
There was a significant correlation between FEV1% and P.N.L.s which was an inverse relationship.
No significant correlation was found between B.A.L. cell-ularity and blood gases or smoking index.