الفهرس 
Teratogenicity of warfarin therapyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work is concerned with the effect of one of the widely used anticoagulant drug (sodium warfarin) on the growth and development of the fetus. As well as, the work is concerned with the liver hnction, protein profile and blood picture of the adult mice. The experimental animals were classified as follow: C: Control group received distilled water. GI: pregnant females received an oral daily dose of 3.39 mglkg (0.1 LDS0) from the 1’ day of gestation for two weeks. G2: pregnant females received an oral daily dose of 3.39 mglkg (0.1 LDjO) from the 10d~ay of gestation for ten days. G3: females (before mating) received an oral daily dose of 3.39 mglkg (0.1 LDjo) for two weeks, then allowed to mate. G4 : non-pregnant females received an oral daily dose of 3.39 mglkg (0.1 LD5~f)o r 15 successive days, some of them were sacrificed at day 15 where the others were left for 15 days for recovery. G5 : males received an oral daily dose of 3.98 mglkg (0.1 LDjo) for 15 successive days, some of them were sacrificed at day 15 where the others were left for 15 days for recovery. The used dose of sodium warfarin (0.1 LD5()) was 3.39 mglkglday for females, whereas for males it was 3.98 mglkglday. The doses were administered orally to adult virgin female and male mice. Treatment with sodium warfarin increased the percentage of mortality >among adult mice; percentages of mortality for GI at the end of the lSt,2 nd, >and 3rd weeks were 6.7,20 and 20%, for G2 the percentages of mortality were 0.0, 10, and 20% and for G3 the percentfges were 3.3, 6.6, and 10%. Moreover, The present data showed that the increasing values of body weight of mothers, through the experimental period, were significantly suppressed after sodium warfarin treatment. Body weight was calculated at the end of the I”, 2”d and 3’ weeks for the treated groups, as well as for control and G2 for two weeks before mating. Significant decrease at the end of the 1” and 2”d weeks for GI and Gz in comparison with the control. G3 showed non-significant decrease of body weight before and after mating. from the obtained data, it is concluded that sodium warfarin has deleterious effects on the body weight of pregnant females when treated during pregnancy. Treatment of female mice with warfarin induced high percentage of abortion at the end of the second week of gestation. The percentage of abortion depends on the dose and time of treatment; treatment of GI female mice, at the first day of gestation, for 15 successive days showed 100% , whereas treatment of G2 female mice at the loth day of gestation, for ten successive days, showed 26.66%, moreover treatment of G3 females prior to mating, for 15 successive days, showed the lowest percentage of abortion 6.66%. In general, abortion had occurred approximately at the gtho r 14’~da y of gestation. Sodium warfarin has toxic effects on adult mice, it causes histopathological alterations in the gonads. Alteration in the ovary ofthe treated female mouse is manifested by degeneration in the cells of zona granulosa, as well as, disintegration of the zona pellucida and complete destruction of ova. Besides congestion of the blood vessels, hemorrhage and appearance of numerous abnormal Graafian follicles in addition to reduction of the normal number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea was observed. Concerning the testis of adult mice, warfarin was found to exert marked histopathological effects. These are revealed by the accumulation of spermatocytes and spermatids in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules which caused diffusion without differentiation of the constituents of the seminiferous tubules. Moreover, the tubules contained eosinophilic debris and the majority of cells lost their nuclear stainability. In addition, warfarin treatment induced the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotized nuclei in the spermartogenic cells.