الفهرس 
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Abstract
The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, especially N, P and K ones represents the major cost in plant production and creates pollution of agroscosystem. As well as deterioration of soil fertility. Under these circumstances, supplementing or substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic sources, particularly those of microbial origin is needed. So the present investigation was undertaken to investigate the possibility of partial or complete substituting chemical fertilizers by bio fertilizer or organic manure or both of them. Thus, Two pot experiments were set up under the green house conditions of El-Mansoura laboratory for Plant Nnutrition; Agric. Res. Center. Dakahlia Governorate during two successive summer seasons of 2008 and 2009.Forty treatments were arranged in split-split block design, which were the simple possible combination between four treatments of NPK fertilizers and five treatments of bio-inoculation. All treatments were investigated twice; once in the presence of farmyard manure (FYM) and the other without (FYM). The following treatments were used:Two treatments of farmyard manure; with farmyard manure (FYM) and without farmyard manure (0) were arranged as main plots. Four treatments of NPK fertilizers at the rates of 0, 50, 75 and 100% from the recommended doses by the Ministry of Agriculture for tomato plants (90, 26.2 and 62.3 kg.fed-1 for N, P and K respectively) were randomly located as sup-plots. Calcium nitrate (15% N), calcium super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) and potassium sulphate (48% K2O) were the respective N, P and K sources and were applied at three doses after 3,7 and 10 weeks from transplanting.Tomato seedlings were inoculated with the inoculant of biofertilizers in five treatments included; inoculation with Azotobacter, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans and their mixture at the rate of 108 CFU for each ml, as well as the control treatment and devoted as sub-sub plots.Each treatment was replicated four times; thus the total number of pots used for each season were 160 pots. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Growth parameters: The average values of plant height; cm, number of branches and leaves per plant as well as leaves dry matter in gm.plant-1 for tomato plants treated with FYM were more than that obtained for the untreated plants. The differences between these values were significant during both seasons of the experimentation - The average values of all plant growth parameters were significantly increased as the levels of NPK were increased tell the rate of 75% from the recommended dose (RD) one. Raising the rate of NPK applied to 100% from RD one appeared to be approximately similar to that of 75% RD with no significant affect during both seasons of the experimental for all the aforementioned traits except for the leaves dry matter which gave a significant decrease in the two seasons of the experiment - Inoculated tomato seedling with (AZ), (PSB), (KSB) and (Mix) significantly gave higher magnitudes of plant height, number of branches and leaves as well as leaves dry weight; g.plant-1 than the uninoculated treatments. Inoculation with mixture of microorganisms studied was superior for increasing aforementioned traits followed by single inoculation with AZ., PSB, KSB and finally the uninoculated plants- Inoculated tomato seedlings with AZ,PSB,KSB or mixture of them in combination with the investigated rates of NPK fertilizers either with or without FYM addition significantly gave higher magnitudes of plant height, number of leaves and leaves dry weight; gm.plant-1 than the uninoculated treatments. The intermediate levels of NPK (50%) + mixture of multi strains inoculants + FYM seemed adequate and was associated with the highest mean values for the previously mentioned traits. Such effect had no significant effect between the mean values of number of branches per plant during both seasons of the experimentation. Yield and its components: The average values of fruits dry matter%, number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits; g.plant-1 were positively affected due to an addition of FYM and recorded higher magnitudes of these parameters than the untreated plants- The mean values of fruits dry matter%, number of fruits per plant, fruits fresh weight; g.plant-1 and total yield; g.plant-1 were significantly increased as the level of NPK-applied was increased from 0 to 75% RD. raising the rate of NPK-fertilization from 75 to 100% RD led to decrease the average values of the above parameters, but the rate of decreases did not reach to the level of significant during both seasons of 2008 and 2009- There were significant differences between the average values of fruit yield and its components due to inoculation tomato seedling with microorganisms either separately or as a mixture. The highest mean values for the previously mentioned traits were found to be associated with an inoculation with the mixture of multi strains inoculants- Co-inoculation of tomato seedlings with microorganisms either in single form or as a mixture combined with the rates of NPK-fertilization in the presence and absence of FYM significantly increased the average values of tomato yield and its components as compared to the control treatment. In this regard; the most suitable treatment was 50% RD. + Mix + FYM which gave the highest values of all aforementioned traits. Increasing the rate of NPK applied to 75% RD approximately gave a similar value for that of 50% RD. Further addition of NPK-fertilizers tell the rate of 100% RD had a depressive effect on these parameters while no significant differences during both seasons of the experiment. N, P and K contents: Adding of farmyard manure in both years of the experiment significantly increased the average values of N, P and K% in the leaves and fruits of tomato than those obtained for the untreated plants- Increasing NPK- applied level from 50 to 75% and, furtherly to 100% RD significantly increased N, P and K% in the leaves and fruits of tomato. The highest mean values for the previously mentioned traits were found to be associated with the addition of 100% RD-NPK- Inoculation tomato seedlings with single or mixed biofertilizers was responsible for the statistically increased in N, P and K% in the leaves and fruits of tomato. Always, the mixed biofertilizers was pronounced and associated with the heighst mean values for all aforementioned traits.Co-inoculation of tomato seedlings with AZ,PSB,KSB in single form or as a mixture in combination with the rates of NPK-applied in the presence and absence of FYM significantly resulted in high N and P contents in the leaves and fruits of tomato plant than those obtained for the untreated plants. In addition, the heighest mean values for the previously mentioned traits were connected with the treatment of 100 % RD + FYM + Mix but the differences between this treatment and the treatments of 75 % RD + FYM + Mix or 50 % RD + FYM + Mix did not reach to the level of significance during both season of the experimentation. On the contrary of this trend, the differences between the values of K% in the leaves and fruits of tomato plant did not reach the level of significant during both seasons of 2008 and 2009. TSS, Acidity and V.C: V.C mg/100g, TSS % and Acidity % of tomato fruit were significantly increased due to an addition of FYM and realized the highest values as compared to the untreated plants- Solely application of NPK-fertilizers at the rate of 75% RD was superior for increasing the average values of TSS, Acidity % and V .C mg/100g over the control treatment. Raising the level of NPK applied from 75 to 100% RD had no reflect any significant effect on all of these traits- Co-inoculation of tomato seedlings with bio-inoculants either in a single for or as a mixture significantly in increased the mean values of all the formentationed traits comparing with the uninoculated one. The maximum values were realized for the plants treated with microorganisms as a mixture following by the treatments of AZ, PSB, KSB and the least one for the uninoculated plants.With the exception of acidity % which had no significance; the combined treatment which included NPK, FYM and bio-inoculation were considered as the best and optimum fertilization treatment. The heighst mean values were connected with the treatment of 75 % NPK + FYM + Mix-inoculation. Moreover increasing the rate of NPK applied from 75 to 100 % RD had no significant effect between the values of V.C and TSS. Such effect was realized in the two seasons of 2008 and 2009. Such effect was realized during the two seasons of 2008 and 2009. Nitrate, carotene and lycopene contents: The average values of NO3-N for the plants treated with FYM were more than that obtained for the untreated plants and this effect was significant during both seasons.- More nitrates were accumulated in tomato fruits due to increasing the rate of NPK-applied from 50 to 75 % %RD and recorded the highest values at the level of 100 % on compared with the control treatment.- Co-inoculation of tomato seedlings before sowing with the treatments of bio-inoculants either in a single form or as a mixture significantly decreased the average values of nitrate as compared to the uninoculated one.- The combined effect between bio-inoculation and NPK-fertilization either in the presence and absence of FYM did not reflect any significant effect between the values of NO3-N in tomato fruits during both seasons of 2008 and 2009.- Carotene and lycopene contents; mg.100 ml-1 of tomato fruits were significantly increased due to an addition of FYM over the same values for the untreated one. The average values of carotene and lycopene pigments were significantly increased as the level of NPK-applied was increased tell the rate of 75 % RD. Raising the rate of NPK applied from 75 to 100 % RD had no significant effect between the values of carotene and lycopene contents both seasons of the experiment.- Regarding the effect of co-inoculation with AZ, PSB & KSB and Mix in single form; data reflected that; the average values of carotene and lycopene contents were increased over the uninoculated treatment the interaction effect between FYM, bio-inoculation and NPK-fertilization there is no significant differences between the values of carotene contents. While, such effect was significant between the average values of lycopene mg.100 ml of tomato juice. The highest content was recorded for the treatment of FYM + 75 % NPK + Mix inoculants. Conclusion: Under the same conditions of this investigation it could be concluded that inoculation of tomato seedlings with a mixture of biofertilizer composed of active strains of Asymbiotic N2-Fixer (Azotobacter chrococcum), phosphate dissolving bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) and potassium releaser silicate bacteria (Bacillus circulans) in the presence of farmyard manure led to reducing the amounts of inorganic NPK-fertilizers by 50 % from the recommended doses by a Ministry of Agriculture for tomato plant.i.e 90, 26.2 and 62.3 kg.fed-1 for N, P and K respectively.Thus, it could be recommended that inoculation of tomato seedlings with the mixture of multi strains inoculants combined with N, P and K fertilization at the rates of 45.13, 13.1 and 31.2 kg.fed-1 respectively, and farmyard manure ; 15m3.fed-1 are considered as the most suitable treatment for realizing the highest economic yield and the best quality parameters for tomato fruits.