الفهرس 
Systemic Lupus ErythromatosusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus in association with a diverse array of clinical manifestations involving a number of organ systems in particularly the skin, joints and vasculature. The exact etiology of SLE is unknown. but multiple factors as genetic factors, sex, hormones, environmental or yet unknown factors may also be responsible. Maintenance therapy is a period of less intensive therapy following a period of induction therapy that has achieved a partial or complete response, with the aim of keeping the patient free of disease activity. Maintenance therapy should also involve the treatment of concurrent conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Treatment of resistant lupus nephritis include several lines as More aggressive cyclophosphamide regimens, Mycophenolate mofetil, Calcineurin inhibitors, Leflunomide, Intravenous immunoglobulin and others.