الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
OA is the most common type of progressively debilitating disease that affects cartilage with associated changes in bone. Its clinical manifestations include joint pain and impairment of the movement. Surrounding tissues are often affected with local inflammation. The etiology of OA is not completely understood however injury, age, and genetics have been considered among its the risk factors.
As the cartilage has limited intrinsic healing and regenerative capacities, the current pharmacologic treatment and various surgical procedures for OA have seen limited success. Due to the increasing incidence of OA and the aging population coupled with inefficient therapeutic choices, novel cartilage repair strategies are in need.
SCs are a primal undifferantionated cells that has the ability to divide for indefinite periods. When given the right signals, they can differentiate to the many different cell types that make up the organism.
MSCs are multipotent cells characterized in vitro by their extensive proliferative ability in an uncommitted state while retaining the potential to differentiate along various lineages of mesenchymal origin, including chondrocyte lineages, in response to appropriate stimuli. They present in many adult mesenchymal tissues, such as SF, BM, and AT.
The best characterized population of MSCs is those originating from BM. As, it can be amplified ex vivo without loss of its phenotype characters or multipotentiality.
MSCs can be delivered into diseased joint depending on the defect size, on one hand direct intra-articular injection might be preferable in early stage of the disease when the defect restricted to cartilage layer, on the other hand matrix or scaffold required to stabilize MSCs in cases where the subchondral bone is exposed or large area is affected.
The potential use of MSCs as building blocks for joint tissue replacement via cartilaginous tissue regeneration and their newly potential for direct cell therapy by virtue of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties have generated a lot of enthusiasm in OA treatment.
Recently, scientists added the protective activities that they can exert on further cells and tissues injury. As the MSCs, themselves, secrete a broad spectrum of bioactive macromolecules contributing in the injury response.
CONCLUSION
Unsatisfactory results of the treatment with ordinary therapeutic lines of OA make a novel cartilage repair strategy in need. SCs therapy have provided a major advance in therapeutic options of OA treatment.
Further researches is needed to reach the most accurate methodology of SCs transplantation and select the optimal patient to start the treatment to him.
Finally this advanced therapy needed to be evaluated for his long term benefits and his potential to provide a better quality of life.