الفهرس 
Anatomy of cervixOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Cancer cervix represents the second most common female malignancy in the world. Epidemiological and molecular studies over the past two decades have demonstrated convincingly that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types (especially, HPV 16 and 18) are etiologically related to the progression of cervical cancer because expression of their oncoproteins (E6 and E7) is needed to deregulate cell cycle proteins. Squamous cell carcinoma represent the most common histologic type ,however, recently there has been increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma especially in young age. Other histologic types either epithelial, mesenchymal or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal, lymphoma or melanoma can occure but in minority of cases . Since cervical carcinoma progress slowly from preinvasive to invasive stage, recognition of precancerous lesions either squamous or glandular, including both their histologic and cytologic criteria as well as methods of their early detection is an important issue in preventing Conclusion: cervical carcinoma presents a great burden especially in the developed countries. Screening for precancerous lesions is essential in preventing cervical carcinoma.