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Abstract Oligodendrocyte precursors develop through a series of stages that have been characterized by their distinct cell morphology and the expression of cell surface proteins. Lineage analysis has demonstrated that OPCs progress from bipolar, motile, and proliferative progenitors, through stellate, nonmotile, and proliferative pro-oligodendroblasts, into multipolar, nonmotile, and postmitotic oligodendrocytes.Each myelin sheath is composed of multiple segments of myelin, which are modified extensions of oligodendroglial cell processes. Each oligodendrocyte can contribute myelin to as many as 50 different axons. In addition to its importance in nerve impulse conduction, myelin may have a symbiotic relationship with the axon. Evidence suggested that myelin is synergistic with the developing axon and that the axonal cytoskeleton does not form properly in the absence of myelin.Three major domains (nodal environs) can be identified in the vicinity of the node of Ranvier (which are gaps in between myelinated segments of the nerve fibers): the node itself; the paranodal axoglial junction, and the juxtaparanodal region adjacent to the paranodes. |