الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that many factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of some antioxidants, tumor necrosis factor-α, Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the URSA. Methods: Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) in both serum and placental tissues, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were assayed in women suffering unexplained first trimester abortions. Two groups were included, the first represented by 16 women with URSA (number of abortions: 3-5) and the second one included 24 women with URSA (number of abortion > 5). The control groups included 20 women within their first trimester of pregnancy and 20 non pregnant healthy females within their follicular phase. Results: We observed that the levels of antioxidant measured were significantly decreased in URSA groups than in control groups (p< 0.05 for each comparison). Higher TNF- α, MDA and NO production were detected in URSA groups compared to control groups (p< 0.05 for each comparison). Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (3-5) was associated with significantly increased levels of antioxidants and decreased in the level of serum TNF- α when compared to levels in URSA (>5). Extremely significant difference of LH was encountered between URSA groups and control groups; on the other hands the mean level of FSH expressed no significant changes among URSA groups as compared to first trimester pregnancies control group. A positive correlation was seen between TNF-α and the level of LH (p< 0.05) also a positive correlation was seen between TNF-α, MDA and NO (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative stress, antioxidant, TNF- α, LH and FSH may play a major role in the pathogenesis of URSA.