الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study has been carried out to investigate the toxic potentialies of the antiviral therapy (interferon) on mitosis of Vicia faba root tips. The study also aims to evaluate the effect of interferon on the total contents of nucleic acids and proteins. The dose of interferon was 50 ml used to treat roots of Vicia faba for three different times: 12, 24 and 48 hours. The Thesis includes two major studies cytological, biochemical studies and immunological studies. Cytological studies include the effect of interferon on mitotic index, phase index and chromosome aberrations. Also, biochemical studies include nucleic acid contents (DNA & RNA), total protein contents as well as protein profiles of the roots using SDSPAGE technique. The obtained results indicate that interferon had the ability to cause different mitotic changes varying from reduction in mitotic index, disturbance in phase distribution and reduction of chromosomal abnormalities as well as reduction in nucleic acids and total protein contents in the treated cells. Treatment with interferon showed a decrease in the mitotic index of Vicia faba meristematic cells accompanied by increase in the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities as the time of treatment increased. A variety of chromosomal abnormalities was observed such as micronuclei, stickiness, laggard, bridges, diagonal metaphase and disturbed chromosomes. In addition to these aberrations, there were some rare abnormalities such as ring chromosomes, two groups metaphase chromosomes, non congression and cmitosis. The amounts of both DNA and RNA generally decreased and the reduction was more pronounced after 48h. Also a decrease in total protein content was found in treated roots compared with that of the untreated roots. Results of the present study indicate obvious variation in the protein banding patterns of seedlings. The recorded changes were expressed as variations in the number of separated bands, disappearance or appearance of certain bands, and difference in the intensity of one or more protein polypeptides. Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Little is known about how this virus is able to persist or whether this persistence might be because of its ability to alter the early immune response. The quality of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific Tcell response may greatly determine the course of an HCV infection. An adequate T cell response may contribute to a successful clearance of the virus and a rapid recovery from the disease. An inadequate response may lead to viral persistence and may eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage in chronic disease. The effect of interferon alpha, presently the most popular therapeutic agent for chronic HCV infection, on HCV <U+2013>specific Tcell response is completely unknown. To evaluate cell mediated immunity in chronic hepatitis C patients before and after interferon therapy, we quantify peripheral T lymphocytes and their subsets in the form of percentages of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio. The study comprised 45 chronic HCV patients and 25 healthy subjects with matched age and sex. Patients were recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. All patients received pegylated interferon, in a dose of 50100 ml injection three times a day for six months and were examined by clinical tests after treatment. The studied subjects were classified into 4 Groups: Group I : Comprised 45 chronic HCV patients before interferon therapy, Group II: Comprised 15 chronic HCV patients considered as responders (6 months after interferon therapy), Group III: Comprised 30 chronic HCV patients considered as non responders (6 months after interferon therapy), Group IV: Comprised 25 healthy subjects considered as control group. Estimation of liver function tests (bilirubin, albumin, ALT and AST) and total T lymphocyte and its subsets percentages of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD ratio using flowcytometry. The study showed insignificant difference in the age and sex between the studied groups compared to control group. As regard lever function tests. In conclusion, the plant test system used in the present study (Vicia faba root meristems) indicated that all treatment with interferon (50 ml) interfered with cell division even after 12 hours. This was accompanied by more than ten times aberrant cells than the control which leads to reduction in mitotic activity. This is in accordance with the present immunological studies. About 33.3% only of chronic HCV patients responded to the interferon treatment in a dose of 50100 ml injection three times daily for six months. Liver function tests indicated insignificant difference in values for bilirubin, albumin, ALT and AST from the control. Also the T cell phenotypes were approximately the same as those of the control. We conclude that interferon is an important immune modulator that affect the number of T lymphocytes & its subset in responder patients with chronic HCV infection. It increases the number of CD4 T lymphocyte which is the orchestrator of all cells of the immune system and we recommend further study about the effect of interferon on the function as well as the number of T lymphocytes in the patients.