الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at International Livestock Management Training Center of the Animal Production Research Institute and Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.The objective of this study was mainly share in to make genetic fingerprint in local cattle breed by study the genetic diversity in local cattle breed and knowledge if it is pure in genetic resources or crossbreed with another breed. Blood samples were collected one time from 66 local cattle breed pure and crossbreed with tow French local cattle breeds (Tarentaise and Abondance). DNA was extracted by Promega Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The selected microsatellite markers which characteristic highly multi allelic and specific to know genetic resources in cattle. Microsatellite markers were amplification in PCR machine. The PCR product is injected in polyacrylamide gel on automated electrophoresis machine. The results obtained could be summarized as follow: 1Total number of alleles was less than 10 in four loci and more than 10 in twelve ones. It ranged between 4 in locus INRA5 and 16 in TGLA53. Minimum allele frequency was 0.029 for all loci, except locus INRA5, being 0.066 and the maximum allele frequency being 0.928 for SPS115. 2Overall mean of allele frequency of all loci in different breeds ranged between 0.138 and 0.225. 3The wide ranges of (He) and (Ho) values among breeds were observed for SPS115 locus (0.142 0.540 and 0.142 0.823), which showed the lowest (He) and (Ho) values among 16 loci analyzed. Values of (He) were nearly similar for all breeds for locus INRA23 (0.826 0.871) and locus CYP21 (0.816 0.889). The corresponding values for (Ho) were (0.9 1.0) for locus BM2113, which showed the highest values of (Ho) in all breeds. For this locus values of (He) were equal (1.0) in all breeds, except for ElSerw local breed, being (0.9). 4 Overall mean of (He) values for all loci in each breed ranged between 0.731 and 0.793. 5 Values of (Ho) ranged between 0.926 in local X Abondance and 0.803 in Kafr ElSheikh local breed. 6 Values of (He) and (Ho) were significant (P<0.01) for overall local breeds indicating higher genetic differentiation between all local breeds, Seds ElSerw and Kafr ElSheikh local breeds. 7Overall Fst values between pairs of populations for all loci indicated that the highest genetic differentiation was between Kafr ElSheikh local breed and local X Abondance (Fst = 0.061) and the lowest values genetic differentiation was noted between ElSerw local breed and both local X Tarentaise and Abondance (Fst = 0.045). 8 Fst value between local X Tarentaise with local X Abondace was (Fst = 0.032), but it was higher than that obtained between Kafr El Sheikh and ElSerw local breeds (Fst = 0.024). 9 The highest Fst values were obtained between overall local breeds and local X Abondance (0.039), followed by that between overall local breeds and local X Tarentaise (0.038), while that between local Tarentaise and Abondance was 0.032. 10 The highest value of Fis was found on loci SPS115 and BM1824 for ElSerw local breed and on locus MGTG4B for Kafr ElSheikh local breed (0.325, 0.308 and 0.200, respectively). 11 The lowest values were on locus INRA5 for ElSerw local breed (0.800), on SPS115 for local X Abondance (0.606) and on INRA5 for Seds local breed (0.583). 12 Overall values of Fis were very little in local X Abondance (0.183), increased in local X Tarentaise (0.142), being the highest in all local breeds (0.116) and recommended for genetic diversity study using microsatellite analysis is a precise confirmation of the geographical distance as well as of the breeding practices that were likely followed.