الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anna apple fruit is considered one of the most cultivars grown in Egypt, as being of low chilling requirements, acceptable fruit quality characters and higher income per feddan. It is cultivated area is increasing especially in the last few years. Since, it reached about (62710) feddan with an annual production of (468443) tons according to last statistics in Egypt. ?In this respect, hand thinning is the most important practices used to produce suitable size with higher fruit quality. Also, girdling represents an effective technique to reduce vegetative growth, improve yield and fruit quality according to Dennis (1968). ?This experiment was conducted during the seasons of 2000 and 2001 on Anna apples grown in a private orchard at Saft Trab village near ElMahla ElKobra City, Gharbia Governorate. Sixty four trees, almost uniform in size and vigour with eleven years old budded on MM 111 rootstocks and spaced 4meters apart in clay loam soil. The experiment was designed according to the randomized block design with four replicates, two trees for each one. ?The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of hand thinning or girdling each alone or together on yield and fruit quality of Anna apples. Changes in total carbohydrates, nitrogen and C/N ratio in shoots were also concluded. ?The obtained results for hand thinning and girdling could be summarized as follows: I. Effect on yield and number of fruits.