الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is still wide spread disease despite of great advances that have been made in the therapeutic regimens. Urinary tuberculosis causes serious lesions which are multifocal and extensive. It usually missed in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract infections by many general practitioners. In Egypt, tuberculosis is the second most important public health problem after bilharziasis. The rapid and accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential for treatment of infected patients and to control the spread of the disease in population. The aim of this work is to asses the value of modern laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis (PCR, Bactec culture and serodiagnosis) in comparison to the conventional identification methods (ZN and LJ) with determination of antituberculous susceptibility. This study was carried on 60 patients (outpatients of- Urology and Nephrology Center) and 20 healthy control of matched age, sex and socioeconomic status. They were subjected to: Z.N., culture for TB on LJ and Bactec vials, PCR and TB immunoglobulins G & M by ELISA. Cases were divided into group I (35 cases of suspected urinary TB), group II (25 cases of urinary TB under therapy) and group III (20 individuals control of matched age and sex). The most frequent age of urinary TB was from 20-30 years (31.6%) followed by age group 30-40 years (26.2%), more in males (63.3%) than females (36.7%). The increased frequency of TB infection in young age may be attributed to their activity and more exposure to over crowding. The lower incidence of TB in female patients may be due to protective role of estrogen which retards the progress of TB and reduces dissemination to internal organs. The commonest presenting clinical data among urinary TB cases were dysuria (86.7%), renal colic (61.7%), urinary frequency (56.7%) positive past history of urinary TB (46.7%), loss of weight (28.3%), haematuria & fever (26.7% for each), loss of appetite (25%), night sweating (15%), kidney.