الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tachypnea and intercostal retractions are frequently observed in infants with congenital heart disease associated with a significant increase in pulmonary blood flow. On the other hand, cardiac malformations associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood flow rarely have respiratory symptomatology, although cyanosis may be evident due to intracardiac righttoleft shunting. The present study was intended to assess pulmonary functions in patients with congenital heart diseases. This study included 28 patients with congenital heart diseases namely ventricular septal defect (12 patients), pulmonary stenosis (6 patients) and tetralogy of fallot (10 patients) with age range from 6 months to 24 months. These patients were compared to a control group of 14 healthy subjects of matched age and sex. Patients were diagnosed by history, clinical examination, chest xray, ECG, echocardiography and arterial blood gases analysis. Pulmonary function tests, in the form of tidal breathing analysis and baby resistance and compliance, are assessed in all groups. The results of the study revealed: 1 Cases with VSD have significant decrease in tidal volume when compared with control group. This means a restrictive pattern pulmonary function. Also, a significant increase in the ratio between time of inspiration to time of expiration (tI/tE) when compared with control group. Resistance of the respiratory system (using single occlusion tecnique) was found to be significantly high in comparison with control group. While, a significant decrease in the compliance of the respiratory system (using single occlusion tecnique) was found in these patients when compared with control group. 2 Magnitude of the shunt in cases with VSD (using Qp/Qs as an indicator) is positively correlated with the ratio between time to peak tidal expiratory flow and time of expiration (TPTEF/tE). While non significant correlation was found between it and both resistance and compliance of the respiratory system. 3 Cases with pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of fallot have to some extent normal pulmonary function as regard tidal breathing analysis, resistance and compliance of the respiratory system. 4 In cases with pulmonary stenosis, pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve is significantly positive correlated with time of inspiration to time of expiration (tI/tE), time to peak tidal expiratory flow and time of expiration (TPTEF/tE) and compliance. where as, it is significantly negative correlated with resistance and oxygen saturation. 5 In caes with tetralogy of fallot, pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve is significantly negative correlated with oxygen saturation, oxygen tension and tidal volume.