الفهرس 
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Abstract
A change towards sustainable development has become vitally, since costs for sustainability development are less than costs of the remediation of environmental damages.
The area of study is located at the northern part of Sinai Peninsula (Egypt). North Sinai is thought to be a promising area for agricultural. Industrial and tourism projects. but the present water supplies are insufficient to meet the expected huge increasing in water demands, The sustainable development is relarded by many environmental problems such as: pollution of the lim1ted water resources. sand dunes encroachment and seawater intrusion. The water resources were studied to detect and evaluate the water development plans needed for the recommended development strategies. The climatic investigations show that the climate up to Upper Pleistocene was humid. now the climate of the studied area is semi-add. Maximum a1r temperature is recorded during summer days (34.4°C), while the minimum air temperature is recorded during winter nights (43°C). Wind velocity as well as the relative humidity increase during winter (9.8 loots and 81% respectively). Evaporation decreases gradually to the northeast (2.6 mm/d), while the rainfall increases gradually in the same direction (303.8 mm/)’).
The geomorphologie situation of the area was examined using several geologic and topographic maps as well as satellite images. Field investigations of the different geomorphologic units were performed during field trips and seven main geomorphic units were identified, scanned and examined. The coastal zone IS divided into four subzones: coast, Shore, shore face and continental shelf. The shore is divided into two zones. The foreshore has an area of 0.20 km2 and represents 0. l3 % of the total area. while the backshore has an area of L63 km2 and 1.07% of the total area. The coast attains an area of 1.84 km2 and l.2l % of the total area.
Foredunes are mounds partially covered with vegelation and directly adjacent to the beach. They serve as storm buffer zone with an area of about 3.53 km2 and 2.32% of the total area. They serve a vital role in protecting inland areas from storm surges and wave attacks therefore buildings must be erected behind these dunes. Young coastal sand dune zone is identified on the Land sat images trending NW-SE and NE-SW, it has an area of 3850 km2 and 2526% of the total area. These dunes have different types: barchan dunes, transverse dune ridges and longitudinal dunes, Old inland sand dunes zone is an area of 25.45 km2 and 6.7% of the total study area with stable not moving sand dunes. These stable sand dunes are cemented by calcium carbonate, therefore their tendency to migration is very limited, Sabkha is found west El Sheikh Zeweid and divided into low young and high old sabkhas. It attains 1.48 km2 and 0.97 % of the total study area, It is made up of evaporites mixed with detrital materials. Urban areas were detected using the supervised classification of Landsat images. it attains 2. l km2 and 1.3 8 % of the study area consisting of houses, gardens, hotels and damaged Israeli settlements. Vegetated area was detected using the transfonned vegetation factor, it attains 77.70 km1, and 50.97% of the total area, By means of supervised classit1cation of Landsat images three main vegetation types (peach trees. cirrus trees and crops) was recognized. There are evidences of post depositional modifications of sand dune such as physical changes (slumping and compaction), and chemical alterations (oxidation, leaching and calcification), Also there are some biological effects like humification and soil formation. There are two main methods for rebuilding or creating coastal dunes: artificial planting and erecting sand fences, Geology of the area was studied, where outcrops of all exposed sediments and rocks were surveyed and special attention was paid to the formations that from good aquifers. Three isopach maps were constructed using variogram-analysis and Kriging, Geological maps, cross-sections and sketches of the area were drawn. Stratigraphy and structural elements of the studied area show that the area is covered by different rock units; their ages vary between Miocene and Holocene.